Progress and Future of Breakthrough Low-carbon Steelmaking Technology (ULCOS) of EU

Junjie, Yan

doi:10.11648/j.ijmpem.20180302.11

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…There are several configurations and technologies available, such as HISARNA. Some are already commercial, others are still in a research stage (Junjie, 2018). Smelting reduction eliminates the need for coke ovens and reduces the need for iron ore preparation: coal is gasified and the gas is used to reduce iron ore. CO 2 emissions from smelting reduction processes can also be captured more easily as the CO 2 concentration in the flue gas is higher than for BF gas (due to the use of oxygen instead of air in the case of HISARNA) (Kuramochi, Ramirez, Turkenburg, & Faaij, 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The consequences of the recent renewable energy cost reduction for the choice of industry location are not yet reflected in most assessment scenarios and roadmaps (Bellevrat et al, 2009; IPTS/EC, 2013; Junjie, 2018; Napp, Gambhir, Hills, Florin, & Fennell, 2014; OECD, 2014). Whereas the technical aspects of hydrogen‐based iron and steel making have been studied extensively (Mayer, Bachner, & Steininger, 2019; Nuber, Eichberger, & Rollinger, 2006; Otto et al., 2017; Razani da Costa, Wagner, Patisson, & Ablitzer, 2009; Vogl, Åhman, & Nilsson, 2018), limited attention has been paid to the integration of clean hydrogen supply and iron and steel making (Cavaliere, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Renewables‐based decarbonization and relocation of iron and steel making: A case study

Gielen¹,

Saygin

Taibi³

et al. 2020

J of Industrial Ecology

105

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The article assesses the future role of hydrogen-based iron and steel making and its potential impact on global material flows, based on a combination of technology assessment, material flow analysis, and microeconomic analysis. Renewable hydrogen-based iron production can become the least-cost supply option at a carbon dioxide (CO 2) price of around United States dollars (USD) 67 per tonne. Availability of low-cost renewable electricity is a precondition. Australia is the world's largest producer of iron ore and at the same time a country with significant low-cost renewable electricity potential. A shift to direct reduced iron (DRI) exports could reduce global CO 2 emissions substantially and at the same time increase value added in Australia, while maintaining steel production in countries that are currently processing ore into iron and steel, such as China, South Korea, and Japan. The approach could be expanded to other parts of the world and other energy-intensive industry sectors. Such relocation analysis in a climate context can become a new industrial ecology research area. Iron and steel industry CO 2 emissions can be reduced by nearly a third, around 0.7 gigatonnes (Gt) CO 2 per year. To achieve these emission reductions, investment of USD 0.9 trillion, or 0.7% of the total energy sector investment needs, would be required, global DRI production would have to increase seven-fold from today's level, and the hydrogen energy used would equal 1% of global primary energy supply. Such a shift could develop from 2025 onward at scale, if the right policies are put in place. K E Y W O R D S commodity trade, decarbonization, hydrogen, industrial ecology, iron and steel, renewable energy 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Industrial competitiveness in times of decarbonization policies The Paris Climate Agreement and the subsequent Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2018) have created a new level of urgency that has prompted policy makers to revisit industrial greenhouse gas emissions. There is a renewed effort to find and deploy innovative solutions to decarbonize industry, a sector that has made limited progress to date. High costs have hampered action to date. Morfeldt, Nijs, and Silveira (2015) estimate a carbon dioxide (CO 2) price range of United States dollars (USD) 25-120 per tonne 1 for the blast furnace (BF)-CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) route to be globally cost competitive by 2050. Ruijven van et al. (2016)) estimate a CO 2 tax of USD 100 in 2020 rising to USD 324 per tonne by 2050 to reduce global iron and steel sector emissions by 80-90% compared to the 2010 level. Mousa, Wang, Riesbeck, and Larsson (2016) calculate a USD 50-200/t CO 2 tax for cost-competitive BF charcoal injection. Vercoulen et al. (2018) estimate a 70% reduction in East Asia iron and steel sector CO 2 emissions in 2050 with a CO 2 tax of USD 200/t. 1 All tonnes (t) refers to metric tons.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewables‐based decarbonization and relocation of iron and steel making: A case study

Gielen¹,

Saygin

Taibi³

et al. 2020

J of Industrial Ecology

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The technologies within this program, which are based on carbon capture and storage (CCS) or utilization (CCU), are the top-gas recycling within the blast furnace (BF-TGR-CCS/U), a novel bath-smelting technology (HISARNA-CCS/U) [13,14], and a novel direct reduction process (ULCORED-CCS/U). Only the novel ULCOLYSIS [15] process, which is characterized by melting iron ore through electric direct reduction, is not based on CCS or CCU. In addition to the research activities in Europe, the COURSE50 program in Japan, POSCO in Korea, AISI in the USA, and the Australian program are some international examples for investigations regarding CO 2 reduction in the iron and steel industry [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of biomass-based production of below zero emission reducing gas for the iron and steel industry

Hammerschmid

Müller

Fuchs

et al. 2020

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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The present paper focuses on the production of a below zero emission reducing gas for use in raw iron production. The biomass-based concept of sorption-enhanced reforming combined with oxyfuel combustion constitutes an additional opportunity for selective separation of CO2. First experimental results from the test plant at TU Wien (100 kW) have been implemented. Based on these results, it could be demonstrated that the biomass-based product gas fulfills all requirements for the use in direct reduction plants and a concept for the commercial-scale use was developed. Additionally, the profitability of the below zero emission reducing gas concept within a techno-economic assessment is investigated. The results of the techno-economic assessment show that the production of biomass-based reducing gas can compete with the conventional natural gas route, if the required oxygen is delivered by an existing air separation unit and the utilization of the separated CO2 is possible. The production costs of the biomass-based reducing gas are in the range of natural gas-based reducing gas and twice as high as the production of fossil coke in a coke oven plant. The CO2 footprint of a direct reduction plant fed with biomass-based reducing gas is more than 80% lower compared with the conventional blast furnace route and could be even more if carbon capture and utilization is applied. Therefore, the biomass-based production of reducing gas could definitely make a reasonable contribution to a reduction of fossil CO2 emissions within the iron and steel sector in Austria.

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“…Various reviews of the ULCOS programs have been published, either by ULCOS partners [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] or by unrelated researchers [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Some of them have a wider scope than ULCOS and the steel sector.…”

Section: Comparing Various Options For Low-carbon Steel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen steelmaking, part 2: competition with other net-zero steelmaking solutions – geopolitical issues

Birat

Patisson

Mirgaux

2021

Matériaux & Techniques

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Hydrogen direct reduction is one of the technological process solutions for making steel, explored in the framework of reducing GHG emissions from the steel sector (Net-Zero steel). However, there are many other solutions, which have been explored since the 1980s or earlier. The present paper starts by comparing all these different options in terms of 3 criteria: energy needs, GHG emissions and total production cost of steel. The extensive simulations carried out as part of the ULCOS Program, which are still fully valid, indeed show that, while energy is always rather close to the efficient integrated steel mill benchmark (within 15–20%), there are a series of solutions for significantly cutting GHG emissions, some of which even leading to negative emissions. Two families of solutions can usefully be compared with each other, as they are both based on the use of electricity: hydrogen direct reduction, from green hydrogen generated from green electricity, and electrolysis of iron ore, such as the ΣIDERWIN process, also based on zero-carbon electricity. They are quite close with regards to the 3 above criteria, with a slight advantage for electrolysis. Focusing now on hydrogen steelmaking, the process developed over the last 70 years: the H-Iron process was first explored in 1957 at laboratory level, then it was followed by an industrial first plant in the late 1980s, which did not fully deliver (CIRCORED); a sub-project within ULCOS (2000s) followed, then some projects in Germany and Austria (SALCOS, SUSTEEL, MATOR, based on direct reduction and smelting reduction, 2010s) and then, very recently, occurred an explosion of projects and announcements of industrial ventures, both for generating hydrogen and for producing DRI, located in Europe, Russia and China. Broader questions are then tackled: how much hydrogen will be called upon, compared to today and future needs, regarding in particular H2-e-mobility; carbon footprint and costs; maturity of the various processes; and geopolitical issues, such as possible locations of H2-generation and H2-steel production.

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Progress and Future of Breakthrough Low-carbon Steelmaking Technology (ULCOS) of EU

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Renewables‐based decarbonization and relocation of iron and steel making: A case study

Renewables‐based decarbonization and relocation of iron and steel making: A case study

Evaluation of biomass-based production of below zero emission reducing gas for the iron and steel industry

Hydrogen steelmaking, part 2: competition with other net-zero steelmaking solutions – geopolitical issues

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