Progress and prospect of hydrate-based desalination technology

Zhang, Jibao; Chen, Shujun; Mao, Ning; He, Tianbiao

doi:10.1007/s11708-021-0740-5

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Gas hydrate formation as a means to provide freshwater was first reported in the literature in the 1800s . In recent years, interest in clathrate gas hydrate desalination as a desalination technology has been growing due to the relatively low energy requirement compared with thermal distillation and membrane desalination processes. − Clathrate gas hydrate desalination faces some challenges in relation to a long induction time, interpretation of hydrate growth, hydrate structure, and salt crystal separation. − Several studies have reported, in detail, on the kinetics and thermodynamics of hydrate formation, dissociation, and salt crystal separation. ,− Wang et al carried out a comprehensive study on the induction time for CH 4 gas hydrate formation and reformation processes. In their experimental work, they used a submerged reactor, and the reactor lid was connected to six T-type thermocouples and pressure transducers to measure the temperature and pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Low Stirring Modes on the Kinetics of Methane Hydrate Formation

et al. 2022

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We studied the kinetics of methane (CH4) gas clathrate hydrate formation and its morphology at low pressure, temperature, and low stirring speeds. A typical jacket cooling high-pressure reactor was used to form the hydrate in low stirring mode (LSM) at speeds of 100, 150, and 200 rpm and in unstirring mode (USM) under a pressure of 50 bar and a temperature of 2 ± 0.5 °C. A fixed mole ratio of cyclopentane to deionized water (CP/water) of 1:3.14 was maintained for all tests. The kinetics of hydrate formation among LSM and USM time of the hydrate was compared at the same conditions. Due to the volatile nature of CP, each experiment was carried out three times to ensure the repeatability of the experimental results. The results reveal that the employment of LSM resulted in a shorter hydrate formation time with enhanced stability of the CP/CH4 hydrate. In addition, the use of LSM enhanced the diffusion rate of CH4 within the two distinct polarity solvent phases. Moreover, higher CH4 gas consumption and an improved CP/CH4 hydrate formation rate were achieved. Under LSM conditions, four distinct morphological characteristics of CP/CH4 hydrate were observed, showing the evolution of morphology from a hazy emulsion to hydrate crystal slurry, hydrate agglomeration, and then, finally, complete solid hydrate blocks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Low Stirring Modes on the Kinetics of Methane Hydrate Formation

et al. 2022

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“…[53,54] The difficulties in understanding the kinetics of hydrates are limited to the nature of the hydrate former, solubility, state of water, diffusivity, and shape of the gas molecules, along with the kinetics of the interfacial reaction and the driving forces. [55][56][57][58] The former process parameters generally dictate the kinetics or growth of hydrate formation. However, several aspects of the kinetics of hydrates are not clarified, including supersaturation, nucleation, growth rate, and induction time.…”

Section: Cyclopentanementioning

confidence: 99%

Current challenges in hydrate‐based desalination: Kinetic and thermodynamic perspective

Khan

Peters

et al. 2022

Can J Chem Eng

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Water scarcity is becoming a severe problem worldwide due to inadequate freshwater resources and swift population growth. Seawater desalination is one of the vital approaches to meet the demand for freshwater. However, energy and associated costs with conventional seawater desalination techniques are incentivizing non-conventional water desalination processes. Water desalination using gas hydrates formation is one of the emerging nonconventional processes. In this perspective article, recent advances in hydratebased seawater desalination (HBSD) have been critically analyzed to outline a future path towards a clean and efficient hydrate-based desalination process. It provides a detailed comparison of various processes developed over decades, and measured desalination efficiencies with their process details. Moreover, the current challenges, limitations, and future perspectives of hydrate-based desalination are also discussed. The study also recapitulates the thermodynamics and kinetics aspects of the hydrate-based desalination process. In addition,

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“…Gas is often used as guest molecules to form hydrates, such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) , methane (CH 4 ), and propane (C 3 H 8 ) [7][8][9] . CO 2 is more suitable as a hydrate former because it has a lower pressure for hydrate formation and an even higher salt rejection rate than methane [10]. It is found that the kinetics of CO 2 hydrate formation was not affected by salt in porous media [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%