Progress and prospective of solid-state lithium batteries

Takada, Kazunori

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2012.10.034

Cited by 955 publications

(812 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…Gao et al 55 took advantage of the light-element sensitivity of annular BF-STEM and precisely determined the Li position in (Li 3x La 2/3-x )TiO 3 , a system showing the highest bulk conductivity among all of the oxide solid electrolytes (Figures 4a and b). 45 Furthermore, the Li content, the valence state of Ti and the geometry variation of the oxygen octahedra in the alternating La-rich and La-poor layers were revealed via the associated EELS analysis. 55 The same authors also reported the local structural and chemical variation across the boundaries between the La-rich/poor ordering domains, and they concluded that the domain boundaries serve as obstacles for the Li transport.…”

Section: Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…45 However, the study of solid electrolytes using AEM is challenging. With abundant mobile ions and a small electronic conductivity, the solid electrolytes undergo much more severe electron beam irradiation than the cathode materials.…”

Section: Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bulk conductivity of many solid electrolytes is actually sufficiently high for the applications. 45 It is their large grainboundary resistance that lowers the total conductivity by several orders of magnitude. 45 Unfortunately, due to the lack of knowledge on the grain-boundary conduction mechanism, no effective optimization strategy has been formed.…”

Section: Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…45 It is their large grainboundary resistance that lowers the total conductivity by several orders of magnitude. 45 Unfortunately, due to the lack of knowledge on the grain-boundary conduction mechanism, no effective optimization strategy has been formed. Because the grain boundaries are typically as thin as several unit cells, the ultrahigh spatial resolution in AEM is an ideal tool to study them.…”

Section: Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the most important thin-film electrolyte, LiPON, easily decomposes by reacting with the moisture in air, and almost all sulfide-based solid electrolytes, despite their high conductivity, suffer severely from hydrolysis. 45 Therefore, appropriate air protection is necessary for specimen transfer and storage outside the vacuum systems of the FIB and AEM. Third, the re-deposition of milled battery materials during FIB fabrication could easily cover both the cathode and anode, shorting the entire microbattery stack.…”

Section: All-solid-state Microbatterymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced analytical electron microscopy for lithium-ion batteries

Qian

et al. 2015

NPG Asia Mater

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Lithium-ion batteries are a leading candidate for electric vehicle and smart grid applications. However, further optimizations of the energy/power density, coulombic efficiency and cycle life are still needed, and this requires a thorough understanding of the dynamic evolution of each component and their synergistic behaviors during battery operation. With the capability of resolving the structure and chemistry at an atomic resolution, advanced analytical transmission electron microscopy (AEM) is an ideal technique for this task. The present review paper focuses on recent contributions of this important technique to the fundamental understanding of the electrochemical processes of battery materials. A detailed review of both static (ex situ) and real-time (in situ) studies will be given, and issues that still need to be addressed will be discussed. NPG Asia Materials (2015) 7, e193; doi:10.1038/am.2015.50; published online 26 June 2015 INTRODUCTIONTo implement the commercialization of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles and smart grid systems, further improvements are required, especially with respect to the energy/power density, coulombic efficiency and cycle life. These parameters primarily depend on the diffusion of lithium-metal ions, electron transport, structure and chemical dynamics of the electrode/electrolyte materials, among others. During electrochemical cycling, significant changes in the material structure and elemental distributions occur, including ion relocation, lattice expansion/contraction, phase transition and structure/surface reconstruction. These changes could substantially influence ion and electron transport and affect the performance of the entire battery system. Understanding the structure-property relationships for each component and their synergistic behaviors during electrochemical processes is, therefore, essential for the design of new battery materials and the optimization of existing systems.Although many analysis techniques (for example, X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, neutron diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance and so on) have been employed for such studies, most of them can acquire only spatially averaged information. Nevertheless, the structural and chemical evolution of battery materials upon electrochemical cycling can often be linked to specific nanofeatures, such as defects, interfaces and surfaces. As a result, techniques based on analytical transmission electron microscopy (AEM) are ideal tools to study these issues. The capability of AEM to precisely probe the structural/chemical evolutions at an ultrahigh spatial resolution frequently provides insight that cannot be obtained directly using macroscopic characterization methods.

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Section: Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%