Progress and Summary of Photodarkening in Rare Earth Doped Fiber

Sun, Tianran; Su, Xinyang; Zhang, Yunhong; Zhang, Huaiwei; Zheng, Yi

doi:10.3390/app112110386

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(232 reference statements)

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“…PD describes the phenomenon in which the luminescence or emission power from a medium decreases when the medium is irradiated with certain wavelengths of light (62). It is sometimes called photochromatic damage or photoinduced absorption because the loss of emission power results from absorption or scattering of the emission wavelengths that increases with pump irradiation time, as shown, for example, by time-resolved numerical simulations of a fiber laser (63) (Figure 4a).…”

Section: Photodarkeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodarkening, Photobrightening, and the Role of Color Centers in Emerging Applications of Lanthanide-Based Upconverting Nanomaterials

Lee

Schuck

2023

Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem.

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Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) compose a class of luminescent materials that utilize the unique wavelength-converting properties of lanthanide (Ln) ions for light-harvesting applications, photonics technologies, and biological imaging and sensing experiments. Recent advances in UCNP design have shed light on the properties of local color centers, both intrinsic and controllably induced, within these materials and their potential influence on UCNP photophysics. In this review, we describe fundamental studies of color centers in Ln-based materials, including research into their origins and their roles in observed photodarkening and photobrightening mechanisms. We place particular focus on the new functionalities that are enabled by harnessing the properties of color centers within Ln-doped nanocrystals, illustrated through applications in afterglow-based bioimaging, X-ray detection, all-inorganic nanocrystal photoswitching, and fully rewritable optical patterning and memory.

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Section: Photodarkeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodarkening, Photobrightening, and the Role of Color Centers in Emerging Applications of Lanthanide-Based Upconverting Nanomaterials

Lee

Schuck

2023

Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem.

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“…39 and 52, a classical stretched exponential function is used to fit the time variation of the PD effect. The stretched exponential function in the form of αPD−λ(Iλ)=A(1−exp(−εIλ)) was considered for the PD loss with respect to input power, 27 , 53 where αPD−λ is the PD attenuation at a selected wavelength λ, Iλ is the input pump power, and the ε and A are constants with positive values. The results of the PB loss were fitted on the stretched exponential function.…”

Section: Modeling Of Heat Distribution In Flmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of different factors in heat production in Yb3+-doped fiber laser: a review

Karimi

2022

Opt. Eng.

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The three important factors that affect the output power and temperature of fiber lasers (FLs) were investigated in a large mode area step-index FL under a high-power operation. Photodarkening (PD), quantum defect (QD), and background loss cause increases in the FLs temperature and reductions in beam quality, stability, and power. PD and background loss coefficients have different values for the signal (laser) or pump wavelength. But QD depends on the difference between the pump and the laser wavelength. By considering the PD attenuation in the rate equations, the effects of forward, backward, and bidirectional pump schemes on heat distribution agents were investigated. FL characters, including core and clad sizes, both side reflectors, and FL lengths in each heat generation agent, were studied in detail.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They solve several problems occurring in classic constructions of step-index fibers, e.g., obtaining a high-quality M 2 ≈ 1 output beam and maintaining single-mode operation with significant core diameters. The increase of the core structure also reduces the optical power density, thus minimizing non-linear effects disturbing the stable operation of laser systems, photodarkening effects, and the possibility of thermal damage [42][43][44]. One of the constructions of LMA fibers is the multi-ring structure of the refractive index profile that allows for increasing the effective propagation area of the fundamental mode (mode field diameter) even several hundred times [45][46][47][48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband Profiled Eye-Safe Emission of LMA Silica Fiber Doped with Tm3+/Ho3+ Ions

Miluski,

Markowski,

Kochanowicz

et al. 2023

Materials

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LMA (Large Mode Area) optical fibers are presently under active investigation to explore their potential for generating laser action or broadband emission directly within the optical fiber structure. Additionally, a wide mode profile significantly reduces the power distribution density in the fiber cross-section, minimizing the power density, photodegradation, or thermal damage. Multi-stage deposition in the MCVD-CDT system was used to obtain the structural doping profile of the LMA fiber multi-ring core doped with Tm3+ and Tm3+/Ho3+ layer profiles. The low alumina content (Al2O3: 0.03wt%) results in low refractive index modification. The maximum concentrations of the lanthanide oxides were Tm2O3: 0.18wt % and Ho2O3: 0.15wt%. The double-clad construction of optical fiber with emission spectra in the eye-safe spectral range of (1.55–2.10 µm). The calculated LP01 Mode Field Diameter (MFD) was 69.7 µm (@ 2000 nm, and 1/e of maximum intensity), which confirms LMA fundamental mode guiding conditions. The FWHM and λmax vs. fiber length are presented and analyzed as a luminescence profile modification. The proposed structured optical fiber with a ring core can be used in new broadband optical radiation source designs.

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Progress and Summary of Photodarkening in Rare Earth Doped Fiber

Cited by 12 publications

References 105 publications

Photodarkening, Photobrightening, and the Role of Color Centers in Emerging Applications of Lanthanide-Based Upconverting Nanomaterials

Photodarkening, Photobrightening, and the Role of Color Centers in Emerging Applications of Lanthanide-Based Upconverting Nanomaterials

Contribution of different factors in heat production in Yb3+-doped fiber laser: a review

Broadband Profiled Eye-Safe Emission of LMA Silica Fiber Doped with Tm3+/Ho3+ Ions

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