“…Curving device is an ideal strategy to overcome the efficiency limit beyond the planar format due to the introduction of new degrees of freedom, which allows spatial configuration matching and light outcoupling control. − Existing curved devices, such as fiber, spherical, and flexible solar cells, have been well-integrated into smart textiles, , self-powered sensors, and greenhouse applications . However, the PCE of curved devices does not exceed that of planar devices − even though many efforts in novel materials, device structures, and manufacturing technologies, − and some even lag behind significantly. ,,, Although the S–Q limit of planar devices was obtained as early as 1961 and was extended to various real-world solar cells, ,− the theoretical research on curved devices is almost in the blank stage. Some studies explored the efficiency limit of curved devices in spherical, fiber, and nanowire , devices through kinetic simulation or simplified approximation of solar cell radiation.…”