Progress in Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering: A Review on Therapeutic Cells and Macromolecular Scaffolds

Zhao, Zhongyi; Fan, Changjiang; Chen, Feng; Sun, Yutai; Yujun, Xia; Ji, Aiyu; Wang, Dong‐An

doi:10.1002/mabi.201900278

Cited by 45 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 185 publications

(189 reference statements)

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“…The most appropriate management should be implemented at every stage of cartilage damage. The more extensive and serious the damage is, the more difficult and complicated the therapy will be, and the lower the chance of a full recovery [ 22 , 24 , 25 , 40 ].…”

Section: Articular Cartilage and Clinical Strategies For Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, a bio-implant is transplanted into the tissue defect. The scaffold is gradually degraded along with cartilage formation ( Figure 1 ) [ 22 , 25 , 40 , 42 , 43 ]. The schema in Figure 2 presents the ACI method with a scaffold, showing a version where ACs can be passaged to multiply them or placed directly in the scaffold for an in vitro culture.…”

Section: Articular Cartilage and Clinical Strategies For Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MSCs can be obtained from different sources, such as adipose tissue and bone marrow with the potential to differentiate into ACs. In addition, this approach can avoid the invasion of the joint for the initial harvesting of ACs [ 22 , 25 , 40 , 43 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Articular Cartilage and Clinical Strategies For Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An example of a tissue with limited regenerative capacity is cartilage, due to its lack of vascularization and innervations [ 22 ]. Scientists and doctors are still looking for an effective method to regenerate cartilage, and the most promising method is to use scaffolds [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Synthetic and Hybrid Scaffolds in Cartilage Tissue Engineering

2020

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Cartilage tissue is under extensive investigation in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine studies because of its limited regenerative potential. Currently, many scaffolds are undergoing scientific and clinical research. A key for appropriate scaffolding is the assurance of a temporary cellular environment that allows the cells to function as in native tissue. These scaffolds should meet the relevant requirements, including appropriate architecture and physicochemical and biological properties. This is necessary for proper cell growth, which is associated with the adequate regeneration of cartilage. This paper presents a review of the development of scaffolds from synthetic polymers and hybrid materials employed for the engineering of cartilage tissue and regenerative medicine. Initially, general information on articular cartilage and an overview of the clinical strategies for the treatment of cartilage defects are presented. Then, the requirements for scaffolds in regenerative medicine, materials intended for membranes, and methods for obtaining them are briefly described. We also describe the hybrid materials that combine the advantages of both synthetic and natural polymers, which provide better properties for the scaffold. The last part of the article is focused on scaffolds in cartilage tissue engineering that have been confirmed by undergoing preclinical and clinical tests.

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Section: Articular Cartilage and Clinical Strategies For Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Articular Cartilage and Clinical Strategies For Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Articular Cartilage and Clinical Strategies For Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Synthetic and Hybrid Scaffolds in Cartilage Tissue Engineering

2020

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“…Previous research conducted by Takada et al . demonstrated that ERS of chondrocytes increased during the development of osteoarthritis (OA), resulting in increased apoptosis of chondrocytes and reduced protective response. ERS is a newly discovered pathway to cause apoptosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Articular Cartilage Stem Cells Influence the Postoperative Repair of Hip Replacement by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chondrocytes via PERK Pathway

Xia

et al. 2020

Orthopaedic Surgery

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Objective: Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is present in chondrocytes of osteoarthritis, and the intensity of ERS is related to the degree of cartilage degeneration. In vitro intervention strategies can change the status of ERS and induce the inhibition of ERS-related pathway. Therefore, this study is designed to explore the role and molecular mechanism of cartilage stem cells (ACSCs) of ERS in chondrocytes after hip replacement.Methods: Human cartilage cell lines C28/I2 were cultured as the control group. The ERS inducer was added into C28/I2 as ERS group. The third ERS + stem cells group was formed by adding cartilage stem cells into ERS group, and further transfection of si-PERK was defined as si-PERK + ERS + stem cells group. Cell cycle and apoptosis in the four groups were determined by flow cytometry. The protein expression of GRP78, PERK, ATF4, TMEM119, CDK4, Cyclin D, and BMP6 in chondrocytes in the four groups were investigated by western blot, and the distribution of PERK, TMEM119, and BMP6 in chondrocytes were observed by immunofluorescence assay. In addition, the transcriptional levels of Bcl2, Bax, and Caspase 3 were also determined by RT-PCR.Results: In cell cycle assay, ERS increased the accumulation of cells in G 0 /G 1 and G 2 /M, while cartilage stem cells weakened the effects. The apoptosis rates in control group, ERS, ERS + stem cells, si-PERK + ERS + stem cells were 0%, 21.3%, 18.9%, and 15.9%, respectively, and the difference of apoptosis rate between the latter three groups and control group was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Stem cells could weaken the ERS-induced cell apoptosis, especially reducing the number of cells in the late stage of apoptosis from 5.4% to 1.1%. The protein level of GRP78, PERK, ATF4, TMEM119, and BMP6 in the group of ERS, ERS + stem cells, and si-PERK + ERS + stem cells were all significantly higher than those in control group, and the group of ERS + stem cells was the highest, all of the differences were significant (P < 0.01). However, the protein level of CDK4 and Cyclin D presented an absolutely opposite trend and the difference was still significant (P < 0.05). The group of si-PERK + ERS + stem cell was lower than those in the group of ERS + stem cell but higher than those in the group of ERS (P < 0.05). The level of Caspase 3 in the latter three groups was significantly higher than those in the control group, and the group of ERS was the highest (P < 0.01). Besides, the relative level of Bcl-2/Bax in control group was 1, but the group of ERS was about 0.5, and there was significant difference (P < 0.01). The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in the group of ERS + stem cells was more than 2 and significantly higher than those of other groups.Conclusion: ACSCs could reduce ERS-induced chondrocyte apoptosis by PERK and Bax/Bcl-2 signaling pathway.

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Methods and Challenges in the Fabrication of Biopolymer‐Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Application

Ivanov¹

2023

Functional Biomaterials

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Progress in Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering: A Review on Therapeutic Cells and Macromolecular Scaffolds

Cited by 45 publications

References 185 publications

Review of Synthetic and Hybrid Scaffolds in Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Review of Synthetic and Hybrid Scaffolds in Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Articular Cartilage Stem Cells Influence the Postoperative Repair of Hip Replacement by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chondrocytes via PERK Pathway

Methods and Challenges in the Fabrication of Biopolymer‐Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Application

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