Progress in battery safety modeling

Abstract

Battery safety is a critical factor in the design of electrified vehicles. As such, understanding the battery responses under extreme conditions have gained a lot of interest. Previously, abuse tolerance tests were applied to measure the safety metrics of different types of batteries. Nevertheless, conducting these tests in various conditions is usually expensive and time consuming. Computational modeling, on the other hand, provides an efficient and cost-effective tool to evaluate battery performance during abuse, and therefore has been widely used in optimizing the battery system design. In this Perspective, we discuss the main progresses and challenges in battery safety modeling. In particular, we divide the battery safety models into two groups according to the stage in a typical battery failure process. The first group focuses on predicting the failure conditions of batteries in different scenarios, while the second one aims to evaluate the hazard after the onset of battery failure like thermal runaway. Although the models in these groups serve different purposes, they are intercorrelated and their combination provides a better understanding of the failure process of a battery system. The framework, capabilities, and limitations of typical models in each group are presented here. The main challenges in building battery safety models and their future development and applications are also discussed.

Preliminary experimental studies into the storage capacity of cryogenic hydrogen in aerogel blanket materials

“…Cryo-adsorbed is attractive in that, depending on the adsorbent and storage conditions, higher storage densities at higher temperatures than liquid may be achieved [2]. Cryo-adsorbed relies on the physics of physisorption in very high surface area materials such as activated carbons, zeolites, metal organic frameworks (MOF), aerogels, etc.…”

A Coupled Nonlinear Viscoelastic–Viscoplastic Thermomechanical Model for Polymeric Lithium-Ion Battery Separators

“…Therefore, understanding battery failure mechanisms and reducing safety risks is critical. One of the major mechanisms that lead to thermal runaway in LIBs is an internal short circuit (ISC) [1][2][3][4]. In LIBs, the failure of the battery separator creates a pathway for the electrodes to come in contact with each other, and this triggers an ISC.…”

“…In LIBs, the failure of the battery separator creates a pathway for the electrodes to come in contact with each other, and this triggers an ISC. The separator failure can be caused by abusive loadings such as crash or impact, natural expansion during intercalation, or piercing by deposited lithium dendrites [1][2][3][4]. To improve the safety of LIBs and prevent thermal runaway scenarios due to ISC, it is necessary to develop accurate models to predict the response of battery separators in their entire range of deformation and under combined mechanical and thermal loadings.…”

3D Thermal Simulation of Thermal Runaway Propagation in Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Stack: Review and Comparison of Modeling Approaches

“…Therefore, the manufacturers of EV battery packs aim to reduce the amount of experiments by establishing virtual development and validation methods. 1,2 In this context, the modeling of thermal runaway (TR) and TR propagation processes has received much attention during the last years. A lot of effort is put into this topic, not only in industry, but also in the scientific community as shown in the number of publications in recent years.…”