Progress in Biosensors for the Point-of-Care Diagnosis of COVID-19

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly virulent infection that has caused a pandemic since 2019. Early diagnosis of the disease has been recognized as one of the important approaches to minimize the pathological impact and spread of infection. Point-of-care tests proved to be substantial analytical tools, and especially lateral flow immunoassays (lateral flow tests) serve the purpose. In the last few years, biosensors have gained popularity. These are simple but highly sensitive and accurate analytical devices composed from a selective molecule such as an antibody or antigen and a sensor platform. Biosensors would be an advanced alternative to current point-of-care tests for COVID-19 diagnosis and standard laboratory methods as well. Recent discoveries related to point-of-care diagnostic tests for COVID-19, the development of biosensors for specific antibodies and specific virus parts or their genetic information are reviewed.

Sensing of Quercetin With Cobalt-Doped Manganese Nanosystems by Electrochemical Method

“…The excellent sensitivity, low cost, and rapid pace at which electrochemical biosensors operate make them intriguing options for the diagnosis of various viral diseases like influenza, Ebola, and human immunodeficiency virus [ 21 , 22 ]. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, biosensors have become popular [ 23 , 24 ]. The future scope is to commercially manufacture electrochemical sensors in compact sizes that could be used at home to detect various diseases including diabetes and arthritis [ 25 ].…”

Review—Aptamers and Biomimetic Receptors in Biosensing: Innovations and Applications

“…99 The Piezoelectric Aptasensors are quite effective at detecting antibodies. [100][101][102] Although this category of biosensor is still uncommon in the context of developing new point-of-care diagnostic tests, it serves a practical purpose and may generate increased interest in piezoelectric platforms in the future. One significant benefit of employing the piezoelectric platform is the ability to conduct a label-free assay, wherein the mass of the analyte captured on the biosensor surface is precisely determined by observing the decrease in oscillation frequency caused by the confined mass.…”

Immunosensors—The Future of Pathogen Real-Time Detection

“…An unquestionable advantage of using biosensors in the diagnosis of infectious diseases, apart from practicality, low invasiveness and low cost, is the possibility of their use a very short time after infection. In immunosensors, this time depends on the rate of production of specific antibodies, and therefore on the type of pathogen, whereas in nucleic-acid-based biosensors, the detection of a microorganism depends on the pathogen's multiplication rate [97].…”

“…The global COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the key role of the rapid and universal availability of diagnostics tests for viral diseases, where biosensors are widely used. On the one hand, the use of biosensors accelerates the possibility of isolating potentially positivepatients and the possibility of giving appropriate treatment, and, on the other hand, it improves the comfort of the patient awaiting the result [97].…”