Progress in emerging solution-processed thin film solar cells – Part II: Perovskite solar cells

Habibi, Mehran; Zabihi, Fatemeh; Ahmadian-Yazdi, Mohammad Reza; Eslamian, Morteza

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.042

Cited by 125 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…The m-TiO 2 layer controls the growth and deposition of the perovskite nanocrystals within the pores of the mesoporous layer, but may be excluded in some designs, so as to simplify the fabrication process and reduce the cost. The heart of a lead halide methylammonium PSC has the formulation of methylammonium lead halide, CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 (MAPbX 3 ), where X = I, Br or Cl or any combination thereof [4]. Beside the MA-based PSCs, formamidinium (FA) and Cs based PSCs have been developed, in order to improve the device performance and stability [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitation of Wet Perovskite Films by Ultrasonic Vibration Improves the Device Performance

2018

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Abstract:In this work, a novel, facile, and low-cost mechanical post treatment technique, i.e., ultrasonic substrate vibration post treatment (SVPT) is applied on wet spun perovskite layers. The effect of varying the time of the SVPT on the characteristics of the perovskite crystals and the perovskite film is studied, in order to achieve the optimum time duration of the SVPT. Among the results, it is found that the application of only three minutes of the SVPT (for the ultrasonic vibration assembly used in this study, operated at 40 kHz) brings about significant improvement in the film coverage, and the contact between the perovskite and the m-TiO 2 layers, owing to the effective penetration of the perovskite solution into the pores, leading to a superior charge transfer, and a significant increase in the device power conversion efficiency (PCE), when compared to the control device. This unprecedented effect is repeatable when applied on both single and mixed halide perovskites, putting forward a reliable and low-cost mechanical technique for the fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in the lab and beyond, which could reduce or eliminate the tedious and expensive chemical optimization treatments, commonly used to increase the PCE.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitation of Wet Perovskite Films by Ultrasonic Vibration Improves the Device Performance

2018

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“…Small and compact PbI 2 crystallites preferentially developed along the (001) plane can provide low electrical resistivity and large band gap, suitable for sensor development [5,9], and the layered and planar PbI 2 is suitable for the development of flexible detectors [10]. In addition, PbI 2 is a major precursor for the fabrication of methylammonium lead perovskite solar cells [11], using a two-step deposition method, in which a PbI 2 thin film is deposited first, which serves as a template for the deposition of the second precursor [6,8,12,13]. deposition method, in which a PbI2 thin film is deposited first, which serves as a template for the deposition of the second precursor [6,8,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Ultrasonic Substrate Vibration on Nucleation and Crystallization of PbI2 Crystals and Thin Films

Zabihi

Eslamian

2018

Crystals

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Preparation of defect-free and well-controlled solution-processed crystalline thin films is highly desirable for emerging technologies, such as perovskite solar cells. In this work, using PbI 2 as a model solution with a vast variety of applications, we demonstrate that the excitation of a liquid thin film by imposed ultrasonic vibration on the film substrate significantly affects the nucleation and crystallization kinetics of PbI 2 and the morphology of the resulting solid thin film. It is found that by applying ultrasonic vibration to PbI 2 solution spun onto an ITO substrate with a moderate power and excitation duration (5 W and 1 min for the 40 kHz transducer used in this study), the nucleation rate increases and the crystals transform from 2D or planar to epitaxial 3D columnar structures, resulting in the suppression of crystallization dewetting. The effects of various induced physical phenomena as a result of the excitation by ultrasonic vibration are discussed, including microstreaming and micromixing, increased heat transfer and local temperature, a change in the thermodynamic state of the solution, and a decrease in the supersaturation point. It is shown that the ultrasonic-assisted solution deposition of the PbI 2 thin films is controllable and reproducible, a process which is low-cost and in line with the large-scale fabrication of such solution-processed thin films.

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“…An ideal perovskite film must have a thickness within the range suitable for charge generation and transfer, as well. Thickness of the mixed halide perovskite films should be limited to 1 µm or so, dictated by the maximum diffusion length of the generated excitons in the perovskite structure [3]. Therefore, controlling the detrimental effect of the crystallization dewetting to achieve a fully-covered film, which also has desirable thickness and low roughness is quite challenging, especially when the film is deposited by a scalable method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defect-Free Large-Area (25 cm2) Light Absorbing Perovskite Thin Films Made by Spray Coating

et al. 2017

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Abstract:In this work, we report on reproducible fabrication of defect-free large-area mixed halide perovskite (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3−x Cl x ) thin films by scalable spray coating with the area of 25 cm 2 . This is essential for the commercialization of the perovskite solar cell technology. Using an automated spray coater, the film thickness and roughness were optimized by controlling the solution concentration and substrate temperature. For the first time, the surface tension, contact angle, and viscosity of mixed halide perovskite dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) are reported as a function of the solution concentration. A low perovskite solution concentration of 10% was selected as an acceptable value to avoid crystallization dewetting. The determined optimum substrate temperature of 150 • C, followed by annealing at 100 • C render the highest perovskite precursor conversion, as well as the highest possible droplet spreading, desired to achieve a continuous thin film. The number of spray passes was also tuned to achieve a fully-covered film, for the condition of the spray nozzle used in this work. This work demonstrates that applying the optimum substrate temperature decreases the standard deviation of the film thickness and roughness, leading to an increase in the quality and reproducibility of the large-area spray-on films. The optimum perovskite solution concentration and the substrate temperature are universally applicable to other spray coating systems.

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Progress in emerging solution-processed thin film solar cells – Part II: Perovskite solar cells

Cited by 125 publications

References 158 publications

Excitation of Wet Perovskite Films by Ultrasonic Vibration Improves the Device Performance

Excitation of Wet Perovskite Films by Ultrasonic Vibration Improves the Device Performance

Effect of the Ultrasonic Substrate Vibration on Nucleation and Crystallization of PbI2 Crystals and Thin Films

Defect-Free Large-Area (25 cm2) Light Absorbing Perovskite Thin Films Made by Spray Coating

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