Progress in energy utilization from agrowastes in Taiwan

Tsai, Wen‐Tien; Chou, Y.H.; Chang, Yih-Feng

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2003.12.008

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“… Electricity generation factor: 0.626 m 3 biogas per kW-h (based on 5,500 kcal· m −3 heating value, 25 % energy efficiency) [15].  Electricity purchase charge (FIT): 0.10 USD per kW-h, seen in Table 1.…”

Section: Biogas-to-electricity Potential and Its Benefit Analysis In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Promotion of Renewable Energy Development for Challenging Sustainable Low-Carbon Society: Case Study of Pingtung County, Taiwan

Tsai

2014

Challenges

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Pingtung County, located in the southernmost part of Taiwan, has been selected as one of the Smarter Cities Challenge by the International Business Machines (IBM) in 2013 due to its innovative promotion for renewable energy exploitation in recent years. In this regard, the objective of this paper will be to present an in-depth analysis of the success of environmental sustainability efforts through aggressive measures and profitable plans by this tropical county. The description in the paper is, thus, summarized on the central regulations and economic measures for promoting renewable energy in Taiwan, focusing on the feed-in tariff (FIT). Then, some innovative promotion plans for renewable energy in Pinugtung County, including swine-derived biogas-to-power and "Raise Water, Grow Electricity", were further addressed to show the preliminary results under the funding supports of the central and local governments. With a practical basis of the total swine population (around 433,000 heads), from the farm scale of over 5,000 heads in Pingtung County, a preliminary analysis showed the annual benefits: methane reduction of 2.2 Gg, electricity generation of 8.3 × 10 6 kilowatt-hour (kW-h), equivalent electricity charge saving of 8.3 × 10 5 US Dollar (USD), and equivalent carbon dioxide mitigation of 50.9 thousand tons (Gg).

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Section: Biogas-to-electricity Potential and Its Benefit Analysis In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Promotion of Renewable Energy Development for Challenging Sustainable Low-Carbon Society: Case Study of Pingtung County, Taiwan

Tsai

2014

Challenges

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“…However, during the burning periods, atmospheric particulate and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) cause great concerns to the public [9]. Therefore, technologies have been developed for producing valuable products from rice straw and other biomass [10], [11]; most depend upon refuse-derived fuel (RDF-5). From the technology and material supply point of view, turning rice straws into RDF-5 is feasible in Taiwan; however, the result from Hotelling model to design the locations and the optimal numbers of RDF-5 plants concluded that the cost is hard to compete with imported RDF-5 [12].…”

Section: A Current Status On Waste Biomass Technology In Taiwanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modular Biochar Torrefaction System for Rural Taiwan

Lin

Yang

2011

2011 International Conference on Management and Service Science

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The prototype and a new design of modular biochar torrefaction system were devised here, as a spin-off from "2010 Project on the Promotion of Green Community in Chiayi County" in Taiwan. Results from the batch tests using the prototype confirmed that the ratio of biochar to fuel in terms of CO 2 eq is greater than 1.0 for densely-packed materials such as camper wood (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl) and bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro), and less than 1.0 for looselypacked rice straw (Oryza sativa). Note that the dried weight densities are 157.6, 150.4 and 37.4 kg/m 3 , respectively. Therefore, a new design was proposed based on the 200 kg straw bale of density of 147.1 kg/m 3 . However, the feasibilty will not be assessed until its completion in the near future.

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“…Water Environment Research, Volume 77, Number 6 1685 enhance the rate of biogas production from solid substrates (Yadvika et al, 2004). Tsai et al (2004) provided an overview of energy utilization from mass agrowastes (i.e. bagasse and rice husk from mills, and piggery wastes from swine farms) in industries.…”

Section: Energy and Fuel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Wastes

Jin¹,

Zhang²,

El-Din³

2005

Water Environment Research

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This review paper provides a summary of the most recently published research activities related to agricultural wastes, including agriculture waste characterization and analysis, agricultural waste management and pollution prevention/minimization, agricultural waste reuse and recycle, as well as agricultural waste treatment. AGRICULTURAL WASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSISThe high concentration, variation, and complexity of agricultural waste make it quite difficult to characterize. Many research efforts have been conducted on a wide range of topics, from representative sampling to physical, chemical, and biological analyses. The need for an integrated protocol, combining chemical analysis, fractionation, and biological testing to characterize the risks associated with complex mixtures was also confirmed by Cizmas et al. (2004). SamplingFor high concentrations of solids, nutrients, and organics in animal manure, Zhu et al. (2004a) investigated a procedure for producing representative samples. The results showed that representative manure samples could not be 1662 obtained without agitation, and that both vertical and horizontal agitation procedures were capable of producing representative manure samples for total solids (TS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) analysis. Solid sorption techniques based on cartridges for three categories of waste odour substances (indoles, volatile fatty acids, and methylthiol) were developed by Willig et al. (2004). It was confirmed that these techniques were comparable to fibre solid-phase micro extraction sorption techniques because of the excellent values obtained for sensitivity (lower ppb level) and repeatability (relative standard deviation <10%). Physical/Chemical/OrganicThe aggregate stability and carbon characteristics of particle-size fractions were investigated in cultivated and forested soils in semiarid Spain. It was found that the organic matter associated with the <20 µm particle-size fractions did not appear to contribute greatly to the stability of macroaggregates in semiarid soil (Caravaca et al., 2004). Urban-rural differences in polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were investigated with passive air samplers over an integrated time period. The results of this study demonstrated the feasibility of using such devices to determine air concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and to assess the spatial distribution of these pollutants for time-integrated samples . A new technique of generating ultra-pure hydroxide eluent was proposed for carbohydrate analysis of environmental samples. This technique significantly reduced the amounts of hydroxyl ions present in the waste stream and provided faster chromatographic 1663 runs with greater sensitivity and precision for determining the monosaccharide composition of environmental samples (Martens and Loeffelmann, 2004). NutrientsFast estimation of nutrients in animal manure has been investigated by several researchers for proper land application (Higgins et al., 20...

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Progress in energy utilization from agrowastes in Taiwan

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

Innovative Promotion of Renewable Energy Development for Challenging Sustainable Low-Carbon Society: Case Study of Pingtung County, Taiwan

Innovative Promotion of Renewable Energy Development for Challenging Sustainable Low-Carbon Society: Case Study of Pingtung County, Taiwan

Modular Biochar Torrefaction System for Rural Taiwan

Agricultural Wastes

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