Progress in Frictional Drag Reduction Summer 1971 to Summer 1972

The Drag Reduction Phenomenon. Observed Characteristics, Improved Agents, and Proposed Mechanisms

“…Specifically, drag reduction tests made for two aluminum soaps showed that these soaps conformed to Virk's Universal Drag Reduction Relation (56) as indicated by the linear plots in Figure 18. This linearity indicates no change in col-Figure 18. Test of Virk's Universal Drag Reduction Relation for two aluminum soaps (ref 55).…”

“…Since that time a wide variety of experimental and theoretical studies on the effect have been conducted at universities, government laboratories, and private corporations. The scope and quantity of work conducted to date on the phenomenon are evident from overview of the topic such as those offered by Hoyt (35), Lumley (62), and Granville (18).…”

An improved diameter scaling correlation for turbulent flow of drag-reducing polymer solutions

“…Most of the proposed methods like those presented by Granville [7,8] and Matthys and Sabersky [9], are based on considerations of the velocity profile in the developed pipe flow. They make use of the experimentally-confirmed concept of buffer layer, which is often modeled by the introduction of a linear displacement (ÁB ) of the Newtonian profile in the law-of-the-wall universal velocity profile [10±12].…”