Progress in<i>Malassezia</i>Research in Korea

Kim, S.; Lee, Yang Won; Choe, Yong Beom; Ahn, Kyu Joong

doi:10.5021/ad.2015.27.6.647

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Young adults between 21‐30 have been shown to have the highest positive culture rate, with the chest having the highest and the thighs having the lowest positive culture rates of all evaluated body parts. This unequal representation of Malassezia among age groups has been attributed to differences in sebum production at different ages …”

Section: Microbiota a Major Culpritmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on the microbiology, immunology and genetics of seborrheic dermatitis

Aðalsteinsson

Kaushik

Muzumdar

et al. 2020

Experimental Dermatology

109

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The underlying mechanism of seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is poorly understood but major scientific progress has been made in recent years related to microbiology, immunology and genetics. In light of this, the major goal of this article was to summarize the most recent articles on SD, specifically related to underlying pathophysiology. SD results from Malassezia hydrolysation of free fatty acids with activation of the immune system by the way of pattern recognition receptors, inflammasome, IL-1β and NF-kB. M. restricta and M. globosa are likely the most virulent subspecies, producing large quantities of irritating oleic acids, leading to IL-8 and IL-17 activation. IL-17 and IL-4 might play a big role in pathogenesis, but this needs to be further studied using novel biologics. No clear genetic predisposition has been established; however, recent studies implicated certain increased-risk human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, such as A*32, DQB1*05 and DRB1*01 as well as possible associations with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) through the LCE3 gene cluster while SD, and SD-like syndromes, shares genetic mutations that appear to impair the ability of the immune system to restrict Malassezia growth, partially due to complement system dysfunction. A paucity of studies exists looking at the relationship between SD and systemic disease. In HIV, SD is thought to be secondary to a combination of immune dysregulation and disruption in skin microbiota with unhindered Malassezia proliferation. In Parkinson's disease, SD is most likely secondary to parasympathetic hyperactivity with increased sebum production as well as facial immobility which leads to sebum accumulation. K E Y W O R D Sinflammasome, Malassezia, sebaceous glands, seborrheic dermatitis, systemic disease While the order of events is unclear regarding the pathophysiology of SD, it is agreed upon by most sources that the three main prerequisites are as follows: Malassezia colonization, lipid secretion by sebaceous glands and an underlying immune system susceptibility. [1,5,7,38] The pathogenesis can be categorized into five different phases.

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Section: Microbiota a Major Culpritmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on the microbiology, immunology and genetics of seborrheic dermatitis

Aðalsteinsson

Kaushik

Muzumdar

et al. 2020

Experimental Dermatology

109

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“…7 out of 15 (46.66%) of the total participants were treated in continental areas, characterized by varying warm-cool summers and very cold winters, 6 out of 15 (40%) in temperate areas with warm, humid summers, thunderstorms and mild winters, 1 out of 15 (6.66%) in tropical (hot and humid with lots of precipitation) and 1 out of 15 (6.66%) in arid areas (dry, little precipitation). Temperate and tropical climates typically have higher humidity than their drier, cooler counterparts, which is known to be optimal for MF pathogenesis and the exacerbation of its symptoms [10]. Despite these apparent setbacks, results demonstrated progress, notably for the complete combination treatment of allopathic and homeopathic medicines taken both topically and orally [Allopathic + homeopathic -topical + oral].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Comparative Efficacies of Allopathic and Homeopathic Treatments in Reducing Dermal Malassezia Folliculitis

Borja¹,

Aaronson²

2021

J Stud Res

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Malassezia folliculitis is a condition in which the naturally occurring yeasts on the skin proliferate within the sebaceous glands and cause inflammation. The lipophilic Malassezia yeasts colonize the sebaceous glands of the skin and havoc on the skin, leaving patients and dermatologists alike, unhappy. The issue is further exacerbated by a lack of research on the comparative efficacies of treatment types alternative to those heavily implemented in the public sphere, such as allopathic and homeopathic medicines. This paper seeks to narrow this knowledge gap and identify potentially more efficacious treatments to eradicate MF than those already recognized by the public domain. Thus, such will be executed through a two-part, quantitative correlational study that investigates response to both conventional and alternative treatment types to determine the most efficacious type of treatment for eradicating or reducing MF. To encompass a personal and professional perspective, a questionnaire was distributed to patients who have suffered or are currently suffering from MF (the Patient Survey) and dermatologists who have treated or are currently treating patients with MF (the Dermatologist Survey). The data produced from both surveys (though more heavily supported by the Patient Survey as there were more responses) ultimately suggested that a combination treatment may be most ideal- a routine that incorporates both allopathic and homeopathic treatments taken both orally and topically.

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“…1 Yeasts of this genus constitute the principal eukaryotic barrier formation and maintenance to form its own structural components. 4 In relevant past research studies, the Malassezia colonization rate in humans, which begins immediately after birth, 5,6 was reported to vary between 75% and 98%. Yet it is confirmed that, with the exception of the toe webs, 2 Malassezia yeasts are found unequivocally on the remaining skin surface and constitute the principal fungal eukaryote.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical synthesis of available data in Malassezia folliculitis and a systematic review of treatments

Vlachos

Henning

Gaitanis

et al. 2020

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Folliculitis is an inflammatory process involving the hair follicle, frequently attributed to infectious causes. Malassezia, an established symbiotic yeast that can evolve to a skin pathogen with opportunistic attributes, is a common source of folliculitis, especially when intrinsic (e.g. immunosuppression) or extrinsic (high ambient temperature and humidity, clothing) impact on the hair follicle and the overlying skin microenvironment. Our aim was to critically review the pathophysiology and clinical characteristics of Malassezia folliculitis, to describe laboratory methods that facilitate diagnosis and to systematically review treatment options. Malassezia folliculitis manifests as a pruritic, follicular papulopustular eruption distributed on the upper trunk. It commonly affects young to middle-aged adults and immunosuppressed individuals. Inclusion into the differential diagnosis of folliculitis is regularly oversighted, and the prerequisite-targeted diagnostic procedures are not always performed. Sampling by tape stripping or comedo extractor and microscopic examination of the sample usually identifies the monopolar budding yeast cells of Malassezia without the presence of hyphae. However, confirmation of the diagnosis with anatomical association with the hair follicle is performed by biopsy. For systematic review of therapies, PubMed was searched using the search string "(malassezia" [MeSH Terms] OR "malassezia" [All Fields] OR pityrosporum [All Fields]) AND "folliculitis" [MeSH Terms] and EMBASE was searched using the search string: 'malassezia folliculitis.mp OR pityrosporum folliculitis.mp'. In total, 28 full-length studies were assessed for eligibility and 21 were selected for inclusion in therapy evaluation. Conclusively Malassezia folliculitis should be considered in the assessment of truncal, follicular skin lesions. Patient's history, comorbidities and clinical presentation are usually indicative, but microscopically and histological examination is needed to confirm the diagnosis. Adequate samples obtained with comedo extractor and serial sections in the histological material are critical for proper diagnosis. Therapy should include systemic or topical measures for the control of the inflammation, as well as the prevention of recurrences.

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Progress inMalasseziaResearch in Korea

Cited by 9 publications

References 49 publications

An update on the microbiology, immunology and genetics of seborrheic dermatitis

An update on the microbiology, immunology and genetics of seborrheic dermatitis

Exploring the Comparative Efficacies of Allopathic and Homeopathic Treatments in Reducing Dermal Malassezia Folliculitis

Critical synthesis of available data in Malassezia folliculitis and a systematic review of treatments

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