Progress in multipass tandem Fabry–Perot interferometry: I. A fully automated, easy to use, self-aligning spectrometer with increased stability and flexibility

Hillebrands, B.

doi:10.1063/1.1149637

Cited by 114 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Nonlinear properties of magnetostatic waves in YIG films are therefore anisotropic in the film plane as well. [10,11,12], which provided a major leap in this field due to its high resolution, sensitivity, dynamic range and stability. Using this method it is now possible not only to reproduce all the results obtained previously for stationary wave processes, but also to investigate non-stationary nonlinear wave processes like propagation of intensive wave packets of finite duration and finite transverse aperture (pulse-beams) that are simultaneously affected by dispersion, diffraction, nonlinearity and dissipation [13].…”

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confidence: 99%

Linear and nonlinear diffraction of dipolar spin waves in yttrium iron garnet films observed by space- and time-resolved Brillouin light scattering

et al. 2000

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A new advanced space-and time-resolved Brillouin light scattering (BLS) technique is used to study diffraction of two-dimensional beams and pulses of dipolar spin waves excited by strip-line antennas in tangentially magnetized garnet films. The new technique is an effective tool for investigations of two-dimensional spin wave propagation with high spatial and temporal resolution. Linear effects, such as the unidirectional excitation of magnetostatic surface waves and the propagation of backward volume magnetostatic waves (BVMSW) in two preferential directions due to the non-collinearity of their phase and group velocities are investigated in detail. In the nonlinear regime stationary and non-stationary self-focusing effects are studied. It is shown, that non-linear diffraction of a stationary BVMSW beam, having a finite transverse aperture, leads to self-focusing of the beam at one spatial point. Diffraction of a finite-duration (non-stationary) BVMSW pulse leads to space-time self-focusing and formation of a strongly localized two-dimensional wave packet (spin wave bullet). Numerical modeling of the diffraction process by using a variational approach and direct numerical integration of the two-dimensional non-linear Schrödinger equation provides a good qualitative description of the observed phenomena. IntroductionMagnetostatic spin waves in yttrium-iron garnet (YIG) films provide a superb testing ground to study linear and nonlinear wave processes in dispersive, diffractive, and anisotropic media with relatively low dissipation [1,2]. Nonlinear properties of magnetostatic waves in YIG films are therefore anisotropic in the film plane as well. [10,11,12], which provided a major leap in this field due to its high resolution, sensitivity, dynamic range and stability. Using this method it is now possible not only to reproduce all the results obtained previously for stationary wave processes, but also to investigate non-stationary nonlinear wave processes like propagation of intensive wave packets of finite duration and finite transverse aperture (pulse-beams) that are simultaneously affected by dispersion, diffraction, nonlinearity and dissipation [13]. In this paper we present the results of our investigations of linear and nonlinear diffraction of dipolar spin waves propagating in tangentially magnetized YIG films. We first demonstrate the excellent applicability of our method to the observation of well-known linear properties of magnetostatic waves like non-reciprocity of magnetostatic surface wave (MSSW) and reciprocity of backward volume magnetostatic wave (BVMSW) excitations. We discuss non-collinearity of the phase and the group velocity for waves propagating at an arbitrary angle to the in-plane bias magnetic field, and we show the existence of two preferential directions of the wave propagation for the wave beams radiated in a wide angle in the transverse direction. Next we show that our method allows to observe and investigate in detail new nonlinear effects such as the stationary one-dimensional self-f...

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Linear and nonlinear diffraction of dipolar spin waves in yttrium iron garnet films observed by space- and time-resolved Brillouin light scattering

et al. 2000

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“…For surface and thin-film excitations, in particular in opaque materials, the tandem Fabry-Perot interferometer designed by Sandercock is now widely used as a fairly standard solution [2,3,4,5,6]. Here we report the extension of a tandem interferometer towards spatial and temporal resolution, enabling the investigation of the details of the propagation of travelling pulses of excitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To achieve stable operation, a high degree of parallelity of the etalon mirrors and the correlation of the two etalons is maintained by an active stabilization scheme. We developed a computer controlled system taking advantage of a software solution, which performs the data accumulation and processing, the dynamic stabilization, as well as an automated alignment of the etalons prior to a measurement, and the execution of a preprogrammed series of measurements using a script language [6].…”

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confidence: 99%

Space- and time-resolved Brillouin light scattering from nonlinear spin-wave packets

Büttner¹,

Bauer²,

Rueff³

et al. 2000

Ultrasonics

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We have constructed a new Brillouin light scattering apparatus, based on the Sandercock multipass tandem interferometer design, for space and time resolved investigations of nonlinear wave packets in thin films. We have applied the method to studies of nonlinear spin wave pulse propagation in yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films. Spatial resolution is achieved by scanning the laser spot across the YIG film surface, and temporal resolution is obtained by measuring the elapsed time between the launch of spin wave pulses by an applied microwave pulse and the arrival of the respective inelastically scattered photons at the detector. We report the observation of nonlinear self-focusing of wave beams and pulses in one and two dimensions, the formation of one-dimensional envelope solitons, and of strongly localized, two-dimensional wave packets, "spin wave bullets", analogous to "light bullets" predicted in nonlinear optics. By generating two counterpropagating wave pulses, pulse collision experiments were performed. We show that quasi-one-dimensional envelope solitons formed in narrow film stripes ("waveguides") retain their shapes after collision, while twodimensional spin wave packets formed in wide YIG films are destroyed in collision. IntroductionBrillouin light scattering (BLS) has developed to a very versatile tool to investigate thermally driven excitations, like phonons and spin waves, on surfaces and in films in the wavevector regime 0-10 5 cm -1 [1]. Light is inelastically scattered from these excitations, and by the determination of the frequency shift of the Doppler shifted light for a preset transferred wavevector, determined by the scattering geometry, the dispersion relation of the excitation is obtained.Of particular advantage of BLS are its high sensitivity, high spatial resolution determined by the diameter of the light focus on the sample surface (≈40 µm), high frequency resolution in the sub-GHz regime, high contrast and moderate costs of equipment. For surface and thin-film excitations, in particular in opaque materials, the tandem Fabry-Perot interferometer designed by Sandercock is now widely used as a fairly standard solution [2,3,4,5,6]. Here we report the extension of a tandem interferometer towards spatial and temporal resolution, enabling the investigation of the details of the propagation of travelling pulses of excitation. The method opens new fields of investigations. First, nonlinear excitations, like, e.g., microwave driven spin waves with large precession amplitudes in a magnetic film, can be monitored as they propagate through the film [7,8,9,10]. Pulses of surface phonons can be studied as well, although this is not subject of this manuscript. We are able to study the formation of spin waves in the vicinity of the exciting antenna, to determine the decay properties, reflection of spin waves at film boundaries, and the formation of waveguide patterns in laterally confined films. If the microwave field is large in amplitude, the excited spin waves are nonlinear, and nonlinear effects like,...

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“…Inductive probes [6,7], thermooptical methods [8], and Faraday rotation measurements [9] were used to study magnetostatic wave processes in YIG films. It is, however, the recently developed method of space-and time-resolved Brillouin light scattering (BLS) [10,11,12], which provides a major leap in this field due to its high temporal and spatial resolution, sensitivity, dynamic range and stability. Using this method it is now possible not only to reproduce all the results obtained previously for stationary wave processes, but also to investigate non-stationary nonlinear wave processes like propagation of intensive wave packets of finite duration and finite transverse aperture (pulse-beams) that are simultaneously affected by dispersion, diffraction, nonlinearity and dissipation [13].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Temporal resolution is added by using a time correlated single photon counting method similar to time-of-flight measurements in, e.g., mass spectroscopy. As the frequency selecting device we use a tandem Fabry-Perot interferometer in multipass configuration (for a detailed description see [10]). A pulse generator generates pulses of typically 10-30 ns duration with a repetition rate of 1 MHz.…”

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confidence: 99%

Spatial and spatiotemporal self-focusing of spin waves in garnet films observed by space- and time-resolved Brillouin light scattering

Büttner

Bauer

Demokritov

et al. 2000

Journal of Applied Physics

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A new advanced space-and time-resolved Brillouin light scattering technique is used to study diffraction of two-dimensional beams and pulses of dipolar spin waves excited by strip-line antennas in tangentially magnetized garnet films. The technique is an effective tool for investigations of two-dimensional spin wave propagation with high spatial and temporal resolution. Nonlinear effects such as stationary and nonstationary self-focusing are investigated in detail. It is shown, that nonlinear diffraction of a stationary backward volume magnetostatic wave (BVMSW) beam, having a finite transverse aperture, leads to selffocusing of the beam at one spatial point. Diffraction of a finite-duration (non-stationary) BVMSW pulse leads to space-time self-focusing and formation of a strongly localized two-dimensional wave packet (spin wave bullet).Magnetostatic spin waves in yttrium-iron garnet (YIG) films provide a superb testing ground to study linear and nonlinear wave processes in dispersive, diffractive, and anisotropic media with relatively low dissipation [1,2]. The threshold of nonlinearity determined by the dissipation parameter is so low that a wide variety of nonlinear wave effects, like formation of envelope solitons [3], modulational [4], decay and kinetic [5] instabilities, can be observed for input microwave powers below 1 W. In films the wave process is easily accessible from the surface. Inductive probes [6,7], thermooptical methods [8], and Faraday rotation measurements [9] were used to study magnetostatic wave processes in YIG films. It is, however, the recently developed method of space-and time-resolved Brillouin light scattering (BLS) [10,11,12], which provides a major leap in this field due to its high temporal and spatial resolution, sensitivity, dynamic range and stability. Using this method it is now possible not only to reproduce all the results obtained previously for stationary wave processes, but also to investigate non-stationary nonlinear wave processes like propagation of intensive wave packets of finite duration and finite transverse aperture (pulse-beams) that are simultaneously affected by dispersion, diffraction, nonlinearity and dissipation [13]. In this paper we present the results of our investigations of nonlinear diffraction of dipolar spin waves propagating in tangentially magnetized YIG films. We show that our method allows to observe and investigate in detail new nonlinear effects such as the stationary one-dimensional selffocusing effect of microwave excited backward volume magnetostatic wave (BVMSW) beams leading to the formation of spatial spin wave solitons, and the non-stationary spatio-temporal self-focusing effect of two-dimensional propagating wave packets leading to the formation of highly localized quasi-stable wave pulses -spin wave bullets. The last effect was predicted in optics [14], but the first experimental observation of this effect has been reported for the system of magnetostatic spin waves propagating in a YIG film [13].The most interesting case to study two...

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Progress in multipass tandem Fabry–Perot interferometry: I. A fully automated, easy to use, self-aligning spectrometer with increased stability and flexibility

Cited by 114 publications

References 26 publications

Linear and nonlinear diffraction of dipolar spin waves in yttrium iron garnet films observed by space- and time-resolved Brillouin light scattering

Linear and nonlinear diffraction of dipolar spin waves in yttrium iron garnet films observed by space- and time-resolved Brillouin light scattering

Space- and time-resolved Brillouin light scattering from nonlinear spin-wave packets

Spatial and spatiotemporal self-focusing of spin waves in garnet films observed by space- and time-resolved Brillouin light scattering

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