Progress in research and development of particle electrodes for three-dimensional electrochemical treatment of wastewater: a review

Ma, Jinsong; Gao, Ming; Shi, Huimin; Ni, Jin; Xu, Yongfu

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-13785-x

Cited by 60 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…This enhancement was attributed to the synergistic effect of adsorption, electrosorption, and electrocatalytic oxidation of the particle electrodes in the 3D electrocatalytic system. Notably, adsorption was responsible for accelerating the degradation rate by increasing the concentration of contaminants at the interface of the particle electrodes [ 43 ]. However, when the mass ratio was further increased to 4.0:1–4.8:1, the total removal efficiency became worse, which may be related to their adsorption properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluidized ZnO@BCFPs Particle Electrodes for Efficient Degradation and Detoxification of Metronidazole in 3D Electro-Peroxone Process

et al. 2022

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A novel material of self-shaped ZnO-embedded biomass carbon foam pellets (ZnO@BCFPs) was successfully synthesized and used as fluidized particle electrodes in three-dimensional (3D) electro-peroxone systems for metronidazole degradation. Compared with 3D and 2D + O3 systems, the energy consumption was greatly reduced and the removal efficiencies of metronidazole were improved in the 3D + O3 system. The degradation rate constants increased from 0.0369 min−1 and 0.0337 min−1 to 0.0553 min−1, respectively. The removal efficiencies of metronidazole and total organic carbon reached 100% and 50.5% within 60 min under optimal conditions. It indicated that adding ZnO@BCFPs particle electrodes was beneficial to simultaneous adsorption and degradation of metronidazole due to improving mass transfer of metronidazole and forming numerous tiny electrolytic cells. In addition, the process of metronidazole degradation in 3D electro-peroxone systems involved hydroxyethyl cleavage, hydroxylation, nitro-reduction, N-denitrification and ring-opening. The active species of ·OH and ·O2− played an important role. Furthermore, the acute toxicity LD50 and the bioconcentration factor of intermediate products decreased with the increasing reaction time.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultimately, the removal efficiency of metronidazole enhanced. Moreover, the addition of particle electrodes improved the electrolytic efficiency, which reduced the electric energy [ 43 ]. However, the removal efficiency only increased slightly to 75.2% within 40 min when the dosage increased to 13.33 g L −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluidized ZnO@BCFPs Particle Electrodes for Efficient Degradation and Detoxification of Metronidazole in 3D Electro-Peroxone Process

et al. 2022

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“…Three-dimensional electrochemical reactors (3DERs) have become a hot topic in recent decades (Li et al, 2019a;Ni et al, 2020;Ma et al, 2021). A 3DER was established based on 2DER by filling conductive particles between the parallel (or 2D) electrodes (Cho et al, 2020;Ma et al, 2021). The electrical conductive particles are also called particle electrodes (PEs), third electrodes, or bed electrodes (Zhang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a Three-Dimensional Electrochemical Reactor (3DER) on Bisphenol A Degradation

et al. 2022

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This study constructed a three-dimensional electrochemical reactor (3DER) using meshed stainless steel sheets and titanic magnetite particles (TMP) to investigate bisphenol A (BPA) degradation through the synergistic action of electrical current and TMP. We examined some TMP characteristics, such as particle size, specific surface areas, X-ray diffraction, surface imaging, elemental constituents, and electrical resistivity. It was found that TMP was a micron-level material with excellent electrical conductivity, and it could be regarded as a magnetite-based material comprising Fe(II) and Fe(III). The single-factor experiment determined the optimal conditions for BPA removal in 3DER, specifically by introducing 200 ml of BPA-simulated wastewater (10 mg L−1) into 3DER. At the initial pH of 9.00, current and electrodes gap of 300 mA and 15 mm, respectively, and adding 1 ml of 0.5 M potassium peroxymonosulfate and 1 g TMP, > 98% of BPA was removed after 55 min of electrochemical reaction. In addition, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry identified the intermediates formed during the BPA treatment, showing two possible pathways for BPA degradation. The final degradation intermediates were chain organics with simple molecular structures. This research provided an understanding of the potential application of 3DER for BPA removal in water.

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“…Recently, a 3D electrochemical technique has received interest from researchers due to its efficacy, simplicity, and environment-friendly process (Ma et al, 2021). In addition to the main two electrodes, the 3D electrochemical system contains a third electrode (which may be particles or a bed).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the possible partial degradation or mineralization on the anode electrode, electrooxidation technique can be utilized for organic pollutants removal (Garcia‐Segura et al, 2018). Recently, a 3D electrochemical technique has received interest from researchers due to its efficacy, simplicity, and environment‐friendly process (Ma et al, 2021). In addition to the main two electrodes, the 3D electrochemical system contains a third electrode (which may be particles or a bed).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D electrochemical technique with biowaste nano zerovalent iron granular electrodes for cationic dyes removal from aqueous solution

Alnasrawy

2022

Remediation Journal

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In this study, biowaste nano zerovalent iron (NZFe) was synthesized by a simple procedure from banana peel extract and was utilized, for the first time, as granular third electrodes in the 3D electrochemical system for cationic dyes removal. The aim of this study is to detect the efficacy of the synthesized biowaste NZFe as a granular third electrode for cationic dyes removal. The physical and chemical properties of the synthesized NZFe were determined using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis. An electrochemical cell with graphite as anode and stainless steel as cathode was used. A 3D electrochemical system with NZFe as granular third electrodes was found to be more efficient than a 2D electrochemical system for removing cationic dyes from an aqueous solution. The highest removal rates of methyl green and basic blue 41 under the optimum operating conditions (NZFe dose of 2 g/L, pH of 5, electrolysis time of 35 min, 0.3 g/L [Na2SO4], current density of 50 mA/cm2, and dye concentration of 100 mg/L) were 98.8% and 97.1%, respectively. The potential mechanism of the removal of cationic dyes utilizing the 3D electrochemical system with the NZFe as granular third electrodes was proposed.

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Progress in research and development of particle electrodes for three-dimensional electrochemical treatment of wastewater: a review

Cited by 60 publications

References 140 publications

Fluidized ZnO@BCFPs Particle Electrodes for Efficient Degradation and Detoxification of Metronidazole in 3D Electro-Peroxone Process

Fluidized ZnO@BCFPs Particle Electrodes for Efficient Degradation and Detoxification of Metronidazole in 3D Electro-Peroxone Process

Performance of a Three-Dimensional Electrochemical Reactor (3DER) on Bisphenol A Degradation

3D electrochemical technique with biowaste nano zerovalent iron granular electrodes for cationic dyes removal from aqueous solution

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