“…Overall, the results showed real evidence that the N-doped CHT/IDA portable sensor featured certain advantages; i) strong signaling of NA in the presence of various interfering molecules, ii) low sample volume and sensitive NA response, and iii) highly stable and reproducible response upon the stable and dramatic increase of the anodic and catholic peak current at a fixed applied potential (0.27 V). The key parameters of our portable electrodebased materials such as i) high BET surface area, ii) novel open trunk morphology similar to that of a heart, including micrometer-sized holes, thin walls, and high surface-to-volume ratio, iii) porous structure, iv) N-doped graphitic carbon chain that creates a multifunctional surface with high electron density, v) several active sites with numerous plane edge defects, vi) strong binding to NA targets, and vii) fast charge transport with low surface resistance play significant role in the leverage NA sensing system [11,30,34,38].…”