Progress in synthesis of ferroelectric ceramic materials via high-energy mechanochemical technique

Microstructure and Properties of Plasma Sprayed Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) Ceramics

“…Although PZT ceramics of different compositions have various functions, one of the salient features of the phase diagram for this solid solution system is the existence of a practically temperature-independent phase boundary around x = 0.52−0.53 which separates a rhombohedral Zr-rich phase from a tetragonal Ti-rich phase. Relative permittivity, the piezoelectric constant and the electromechanical coupling coefficient all exhibit pronounced maxima for the composition corresponding to this phase boundary, which is generally referred to as the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) [1]. This behavior is mainly attributable to the existence of a mixture of phases at the boundary and the presence of a larger number of reorientable polarization directions existing in the MPB mixed-phase region.…”

“…Lead zirconate titanate (PbZr x Ti 1-x O 3 or PZT) ceramics, solid solutions of PbTiO 3 (PT) and PbZrO 3 (PZ) have been extensively and intensively studied for several decades [1], because they are important…”

Synthesis, microstructure and properties of BiFeO₃-based multiferroic materials: A review

“…In many cases, products obtained by this method are nanoparticles with a high sinterability. However, the main advantage of this method is the possibility to obtain metastable phases which are tricky to obtain by other conventional synthesis methods [96].…”

Metastable nature of donor-doped BiFeO₃ obtained by mechanochemical synthesis

“…Among the several possibilities, high energy mechanochemical milling has been proposed as one of the most appropriate methods to synthesize some ferroelectric materials that are not easily produced by other processing routes. 26) Accordingly, experiments have been recently reported describing the use of mechanochemical synthesis to prepare single-phase BiFeO 3 nanoparticulate powders with apparently no parasite phases and promising multiferroic performances. 27)31) In this contribution we have applied this high-energy milling synthesis route to the obtaining of Nb 5+ and W 6+ donor-doped BiFeO 3 materials.…”