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Native tissues, comprising multiple cell types and extracellular matrix components, are inherently composites. Mimicking the intricate structure, functionality, and dynamic properties of native composite tissues represents a significant frontier in biomaterials science and tissue engineering research. Biomimetic composite biomaterials combine the benefits of different components, such as polymers, ceramics, metals, and biomolecules, to create tissue‐template materials that closely simulate the structure and functionality of native tissues. While the design of composite biomaterials and their in vitro testing are frequently reviewed, there is a considerable gap in whole animal studies that provides insight into the progress toward clinical translation. Herein, we provide an insightful critical review of advanced composite biomaterials applicable in several tissues. The incorporation of bioactive cues and signaling molecules into composite biomaterials to mimic the native microenvironment is discussed. Strategies for the spatiotemporal release of growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix proteins are elucidated, highlighting their role in guiding cellular behavior, promoting tissue regeneration, and modulating immune responses. Advanced composite biomaterials design challenges, such as achieving optimal mechanical properties, improving long‐term stability, and integrating multifunctionality into composite biomaterials and future directions, are discussed. We believe that this manuscript provides the reader with a timely perspective on composite biomaterials.
Native tissues, comprising multiple cell types and extracellular matrix components, are inherently composites. Mimicking the intricate structure, functionality, and dynamic properties of native composite tissues represents a significant frontier in biomaterials science and tissue engineering research. Biomimetic composite biomaterials combine the benefits of different components, such as polymers, ceramics, metals, and biomolecules, to create tissue‐template materials that closely simulate the structure and functionality of native tissues. While the design of composite biomaterials and their in vitro testing are frequently reviewed, there is a considerable gap in whole animal studies that provides insight into the progress toward clinical translation. Herein, we provide an insightful critical review of advanced composite biomaterials applicable in several tissues. The incorporation of bioactive cues and signaling molecules into composite biomaterials to mimic the native microenvironment is discussed. Strategies for the spatiotemporal release of growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix proteins are elucidated, highlighting their role in guiding cellular behavior, promoting tissue regeneration, and modulating immune responses. Advanced composite biomaterials design challenges, such as achieving optimal mechanical properties, improving long‐term stability, and integrating multifunctionality into composite biomaterials and future directions, are discussed. We believe that this manuscript provides the reader with a timely perspective on composite biomaterials.
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as promising devices for generating self‐powered therapeutic electrical stimulation over multiple aspects of wound healing. However, the challenge of achieving full 100% contact in conventional TENGs presents a substantial hurdle in the quest for higher current output, which is crucial for further improving healing efficacy. Here, a novel multifunctional wound healing system is presented by integrating the aqueous‐aqueous triboelectric nanogenerators (A‐A TENGs) with a functionalized conductive hydrogel, aimed at advancing infected wound therapy. The A‐A TENGs are founded on a principle of 100% contact interface and efficient post‐contact separation of the immiscible interface within the aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS), enhancing charge transfer and subsequently increasing current performance. Leveraging this intensified current output, this system demonstrates efficient therapeutic efficacies over infected wounds both in vitro and in vivo, including stimulating fibroblast migration and proliferation, boosting angiogenesis, enhancing collagen deposition, eradicating bacteria, and reducing inflammatory cells. Moreover, the conductive hydrogel ensures the uniformity and integrity of the electric field covering the wound site, and exhibits multiple synergistic therapeutic effects. With the capability to realize accelerated wound healing, the developed “A‐A TENGs empowered multifunctional wound healing system” presenting an excellent prospect in clinical wound therapy.
Bioelectricity provides electrostimulation to regulate cell/tissue behaviors and functions. In the human body, bioelectricity can be generated in electromechanically responsive tissues and organs, as well as biomolecular building blocks that exhibit piezoelectricity, with a phenomenon known as the piezoelectric effect. Inspired by natural bio‐piezoelectric phenomenon, efforts have been devoted to exploiting high‐performance synthetic piezoelectric biomaterials, including molecular materials, polymeric materials, ceramic materials, and composite materials. Notably, piezoelectric biomaterials polarize under mechanical strain and generate electrical potentials, which can be used to fabricate electronic devices. Herein, we propose a review article to summarize the design and research progress of piezoelectric biomaterials and devices toward bionanotechnology. We first introduce the functions of bioelectricity in regulating human electrophysiological activity from cellular to tissue level. Next, recent advances as well as structure‐property relationship of various natural and synthetic piezoelectric biomaterials are provided in detail. In the following part, we systematically classify and discuss the applications of piezoelectric biomaterials in tissue engineering, drug delivery, biosensing, energy harvesting, and catalysis. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of piezoelectric biomaterials are presented. We believe that this review will provide inspiration for the design and development of innovative piezoelectric biomaterials in the fields of biomedicine and nanotechnology.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
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