“…Manganese oxide (MnO x ) crystallizes naturally as minerals in more than 30 different structures, such as MnO, Mn 3 O 4 , Mn 2 O 3 , and MnO 2 . These manganese oxides present a number of excellent physical and chemical properties, such as facile oxygen mobility, enhanced oxygen storage capacitance, fast cation diffusion with high charge–discharge rates, environmental friendliness, and low cost. − From a chemical point of view, MnO x has been widely applied in environmental waste treatment, ,− water oxidation in artificial photosynthesis, − batteries, , and supercapacitors, − to just name a few. As a catalyst, the catalytic performance and reaction mechanism of the MnO x material vary with its valence state , and Mn–O bond strength. , Furthermore, different surface facets and morphologies of MnO x nanostructures often lead to diverse catalytic performance. − , Consequently, the controllable preparation of MnO x material is of great importance for improving their catalytic performance.…”