Progress of Gingival Inflammation into the Supporting Structures of the Teeth

Chronic Periodontitis Exacerbated by Occlusal Trauma: Report of A Case and Revision of Literature

“…The first published works on the subject did not show an obvious association between occlusal forces and periodontal disease. For example Orban and Weinmann in 1933 [6], and Weinmann in 1941 [7], using human autopsy material, evaluated the effect of excessive occlusal forces (EOF) on the periodontium. They concluded that there was no relationship between EOF and periodontal destruction, and suggested that occlusal forces have no effect on periodontal destruction.…”

“…The International Working Group for the Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions in 1999 defined occlusal trauma as an injury to the attachment apparatus or teeth as a result of excessive occlusal forces (EOF). Occlusal trauma can be divided in two general categories [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]: 1) Primary occlusal trauma is an injury resulting from EOF applied to a tooth or teeth with normal support [14].…”

The Influence of Injury to the Periodontal Membrane on the Spread of Gingival Inflammation

“…In such cases, a papillary gingivitis of local origin might, when it increases in severity, produce a periodontitis by spreading directly into the periodontal membrane. Injury to the periodontal membrane of this or a similar type may have been responsible for the exceptional.cases of direct invasion of the periodontal membrane observed by Weinmann (1941).…”

“…These structures form a bundle which is surrounded by loose connective tissue and which lies in a relatively wide interdental canal that opens at the alveolar crest. Weinmann (1941), in re-examining the mode of propagation of inflammation into the deeper supporting tissues, pointed out that these anatomic findings explain the peculiar route of inflammatory progress in man. The loose connective tissue which surrounds the neurovascular bundle in the interdental canal constitutes the path of least resistance, and a gingivitis will therefore, as a rule, spread along it rather than into the dense connective tissue of the periodontal membrane, which offers more resistance.…”

The Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of the Intrabony Defect

“…4 The interalveolar arteries passing through the interdental septa penetrate the alveolar crest and extend into the gingiva where they divide into fine branches and capillaries. The capillaries extend into the connective tissue papillae of the gingival mucous membrane.…”