Progress of Lead‐Free Halide Perovskites: From Material Synthesis to Photodetector Application

Abstract

Lead halide perovskite (LHP) has been widely researched in the photovoltaic field due to its highly attractive optoelectronic properties. Among the LHP‐based devices, the detectivity of the photodetector is as high as 1015 Jones. However, their practical application is limited by the toxicity of lead in perovskite and the inherent instability induced by the perovskite structure against moisture, heat, and light. To address these issues, tremendous efforts have been made to replace Pb2+ with other environmentally friendly metal cations such as Sn2+, Bi3+, Cu2+, Sb3+, and Ge2+. Thus, considerable breakthroughs in device performance and stability using lead‐free metal halide perovskite (LFMHP) have been made in recent years. In this review, the synthesis methods and strategies are focused for enhancing the material quality and photoelectric properties of LFMHPs and the recent research progress of LFMHP‐based photodetectors is summarized. This research provides some promising perspectives for high‐performance LFMHP photodetectors to achieve a broader range of practical applications in the future.

Supersaturation‐Controlled Growth of Monolithically Integrated Lead‐Free Halide Perovskite Single‐Crystalline Thin Film for High‐Sensitivity Photodetectors

“…Several strategies are expected to strength detectivity of the lead-free halide perovskite photodetectors for ensuring potential application, including improving crystal-line quality, adjusting film thickness, surface modification, enhancing light absorption, optimizing device structure and coupling with other photosensitive semiconductors. [4,[26][27][28] Notably, it is apparent that the monolithically integrated Adv. Mater.…”

Lead‐Free Double Perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6: Fundamentals, Applications, and Perspectives

“…[143] Table 1 summarizes the key parameters of Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 photodetectors together with representative lead-based/leadfree photo detectors. [144,145] Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 has shown a decent performance with a wide range photoresponse (265-620 nm), a maximum R of 54.6 A W −1 , a maximum D* of 7.4 × 10 14 Jones, a maximum LDR of 193 dB with a detecting limit of tens of pW cm −2 and the shortest response time of 17 ns, which is very promising for light detection and imaging. To further improve the photodetector performance for practical applications, the focus must be paid to the material (absorber and interlayer) engineering and architecture engineering.…”

Evaporation crystallization of zero-dimensional guanidinium bismuth iodide perovskite single crystal for X-ray detection

“…[8][9][10] MA 3 Bi 2 I 9 with a direct band gap of 2.22 eV can effectively absorb visible light, and has demonstrated promising application in solar cells, photodetectors and X-ray detectors. [11][12][13][14] However, MA + cation with high polarity (dipole moment of 2.29 D) is moisture and polar solvent sensitive, which limits the application of devices. It cannot maintain long-term stability under natural conditions, which is not conducive to the application of optoelectronic devices.…”