Progress of Organic Electrodes in Aqueous Electrolyte for Energy Storage and Conversion

Abstract

sity.H is research interests include electrochemical functional materials and their application in lithium-ion batteries, metalair batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells.

2022 Roadmap on aqueous batteries

“…Due to the reversible coordination reaction, many organic compounds with carbonyl groups are being considered as potential electrode materials, not only in alkali-metal ion (Li + , Na + , K + ) batteries, but also in batteries based on multivalent ions such as Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ [66,82]. In 2017, Yao and co-workers reported a fast and highly reversible polyimide poly[N,N ′ -(ethane-1,2-diyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxiimide] (PNDIE) anode, with its discharge capacity mainly produced from the Ca-ion coordination to the C=O group within the conjugated aromatic molecules (figure 9(a)) [83].…”

“…The high hydrophobicity of polyvinylidene fluoride assists to alleviate water migration caused by osmosis pressure and the Ketjen black carbon can absorb polysulfide/polyiodide effectively, which traps and accumulates negatively charged anions, and finally electrostatically repels active anions in the electrolyte and reduces cross-contamination (figure 13(d)). For organic active materials, low solubility and stability are the main problems in the way of development [66]. Generally, the charged product of anolyte is easy to oxidize by oxygen, and some organic materials are subject to chemical and/or electrochemical decomposition during redox.…”

Design Strategies for High‐Performance Aqueous Zn/Organic Batteries

“…[23] Therefore,o rganic materials are considered as promising cathode materials of aqueous ZIBs. [24,25] Aqueous Zn/organic battery was first reported based on conductive polymer polyaniline (PANI), where Zn served as reference electrode (Figure 1). [26] After that, some strategies such as electrolyte optimization, [27] carbon materials hybridization, [28] and copolymerization [29] were further developed to improve the electrochemical performance of Zn/PANI batteries.H owever,t hey still suffered from low energy density due to their limited capacities.Itw as not until 2009 that aptype compound nitronyl nitroxide with high-voltage was designed as the cathode of aqueous ZIBs.…”

Aqueous Zn‐based rechargeable batteries: Recent progress and future perspectives

“…[179][180][181] For instance, polyimide (PI), PANI, pyrene-4, 5, 9, 10-tetraone (PTO), polymerized PTO (PPTO), poly(anthraquinonyl sulfide) (PAQS), sulfur heterocyclic quinone dibenzo[b,i] thianthrene-5,7,12,14-tetraone (DTT), and calix [4]quinone (C4Q) have applied to aqueous Zn-based batteries. 182 Moreover, a dual-ion mechanism providing high operating voltage has recently been reported based on organic electrolytes in the AZBs. This involves cation and anion co-insertion/co-extraction.…”

“…In addition to typical ionic crystal materials (e.g., MnO 2 , V 2 O 5 , LiV 2 [PO 4 ] 3 , LiMn 2 O 4 , and Prussian blue analogues), organic materials with properties of being low weight, environmentally safe, and easy to design (e.g., polymers, sulfur compounds, and oxygen‐containing compounds) have been widely investigated 179–181 . For instance, polyimide (PI), PANI, pyrene‐4, 5, 9, 10‐tetraone (PTO), polymerized PTO (PPTO), poly(anthraquinonyl sulfide) (PAQS), sulfur heterocyclic quinone dibenzo[b,i]thianthrene‐5,7,12,14‐tetraone (DTT), and calix[4]quinone (C4Q) have applied to aqueous Zn‐based batteries 182 . Moreover, a dual‐ion mechanism providing high operating voltage has recently been reported based on organic electrolytes in the AZBs.…”