Progress of Research on the Physiology and Molecular Regulation of Sorghum Growth under Salt Stress by Gibberellin

Abstract

Plant growth often encounters diverse abiotic stresses. As a global resource-based ecological problem, salinity is widely distributed and one of the major abiotic stresses affecting crop yields worldwide. Sorghum, a cereal crop with medium salt tolerance and great value for the development and utilization of salted soils, is an important source of food, brewing, energy, and forage production. However, in soils with high salt concentrations, sorghum experiences low emergence and suppressed metabolism. It has been demonstrated that the effects of salt stress on germination and seedling growth can be effectively mitigated to a certain extent by the exogenous amendment of hormonal gibberellin (GA). At present, most of the studies on sorghum salt tolerance at home and abroad focus on morphological and physiological levels, including the transcriptome analysis of the exogenous hormone on sorghum salt stress tolerance, the salt tolerance metabolism pathway, and the mining of key salt tolerance regulation genes. The high-throughput sequencing technology is increasingly widely used in the study of crop resistance, which is of great significance to the study of plant resistance gene excavation and mechanism. In this study, we aimed to review the effects of the exogenous hormone GA on leaf morphological traits of sorghum seedlings and further analyze the physiological response of sorghum seedling leaves and the regulation of sorghum growth and development. This review not only focuses on the role of GA but also explores the signal transduction pathways of GA and the performance of their responsive genes under salt stress, thus helping to further clarify the mechanism of regulating growth and production under salt stress. This will serve as a reference for the molecular discovery of key genes related to salt stress and the development of new sorghum varieties.

Exogenous Hemin enhances the antioxidant defense system of rice by regulating the AsA-GSH cycle under NaCl stress

“…Excessive salt interferes with normal biological and physiological processes to negatively impact plant growth ( Talubaghi et al, 2022 ), such as reduced plant height, narrowed stem base width, and diminished biomass. The results obtained from the experimentation performed in this study were similar to those reported previously ( Ashraf et al, 2023 ; Liu et al, 2023 ; Feng et al, 2021 ; Talubaghi et al, 2022 ). More specifically, under salt stress, the seedling growth of both HHZ and XLY900 was significantly inhibited, and all the morphological indexes were decreased ( Tables 1 and 2 ).…”

“…Globally, salt stress is the most prevalent abiotic stress that limits crop growth and development. Studies have shown that salt stress impedes the growth of several crops, such as wheat ( Ashraf et al, 2023 ), sorghum ( Liu et al, 2023 ), and soybean ( Feng et al, 2021 ). Excessive salt interferes with normal biological and physiological processes to negatively impact plant growth ( Talubaghi et al, 2022 ), such as reduced plant height, narrowed stem base width, and diminished biomass.…”

5-ALA, DTA-6, and Nitrogen Mitigate NaCl Stress by Promoting Photosynthesis and Carbon Metabolism in Rice Seedlings

“…NaCl stress inhibits plant growth, reduces plant leaf area, decreases plant biomass, and may even lead to plant death. Inhibition of crop growth by NaCl stress has been reported in a variety of crops, such as rice [ 49 , 50 ], wheat [ 51 ], and sweet sorghum [ 52 ]. Nitrogen (N), an important component of plant protein, has an essential role in rice cultivation [ 53 , 54 ].…”

Brassica rapa Nitrate Transporter 2 (BrNRT2) Family Genes, Identification, and Their Potential Functions in Abiotic Stress Tolerance

“…Talaye), the exogenous application of MeJA increased the soluble sugar level, relative water content, and photosynthetic rate to counteract the inhibitory effect of NaCl [ 54 ]. In sorghum, the exogenous application of gibberellins (GAs) can alleviate salt-stress-induced cell wall thickening by increasing the cellulose and hemicellulose content of root cells, allowing the rapid entry of water into root cells, and altering the dynamic balance of endogenous hormones in cells, thereby mitigating the effects of salt stress on germination and seedling growth [ 55 ]. Under high-salt conditions, ABA can stimulate short-term responses such as stomatal closure, thereby maintaining the water balance and mediating long-term growth responses by regulating the expression of stress-response genes [ 56 ].…”