Progress on ion cyclotron range of frequencies heating physics and technology in support of the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor

Wilson, J. R.; Bonoli, P. T.

doi:10.1063/1.4901090

Cited by 28 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Radio frequency (RF) plasma potential rectification is of general interest in commercial plasma processing reactors [1], broadcast antennas in the magnetosphere [2], and ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) antennas in tokamaks [3]. ICRH will be an integral component for the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER), where it is expected to couple up to 20 MW to the plasma [3]. In current ICRH tokamak experiments, a host of deleterious effects have been observed during antenna operation in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF).…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Observation of Convective Cell Formation due to a Fast Wave Antenna in the Large Plasma Device

et al. 2017

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An experiment in a linear device, the Large Plasma Device, is used to study sheaths caused by an actively powered radio frequency (rf) antenna. The rf antenna used in the experiment consists of a single current strap recessed inside a copper box enclosure without a Faraday screen. A large increase in the plasma potential was observed along magnetic field lines that connect to the antenna limiter. The electric field from the spatial variation of the rectified plasma potential generated E[over →]×B[over →]_{0} flows, often referred to as convective cells. The presence of the flows generated by these potentials is confirmed by Mach probes. The observed convective cell flows are seen to cause the plasma in front of the antenna to flow away and cause a density modification near the antenna edge. These can cause hot spots and damage to the antenna and can result in a decrease in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies antenna coupling.

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Observation of Convective Cell Formation due to a Fast Wave Antenna in the Large Plasma Device

et al. 2017

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“…At first glance, this frequency is not ITER-relevant since the official ICRF range is f = 40 − 55 MHz [24,25]. However, ITER RF generators are foreseen to deliver RF power in the range f = 35 − 65 MHz [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The design of the ITER ICRF system currently envisages the use of two antennas [24,25]. With that, one could imagine several ICRF strategies for the ramp-up phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new ion cyclotron range of frequency scenario for bulk ion heating in deuterium-tritium plasmas: How to utilize intrinsic impurities in our favour

Kazakov¹,

Ongena²,

Eester³

et al. 2015

Physics of Plasmas

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A fusion reactor requires plasma pre-heating before the rate of deuterium-tritium fusion reactions becomes significant. In ITER, radiofrequency (RF) heating of 3 He ions, additionally puffed into the plasma, is one of the main options considered for increasing bulk ion temperature during the ramp-up phase of the pulse. In this paper, we propose an alternative scenario for bulk ion heating with RF waves, which requires no extra 3 He puff and profits from the presence of intrinsic Beryllium impurities in the plasma. The discussed method to heat Be impurities in D-T plasmas is shown to provide an even larger fraction of fuel ion heating.

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“…General information about waves in plasmas can be found in Swanson's book (Swanson 2003) and Stix's book (Stix 1992); and the required Physics background on waves for heating plasmas and the early history of wave heating are available in (Cairns 1991). Reviews of electron cyclotron waves can be found in (Bornatici et al 1983), of lower-hybrid wave in (Bonoli 1985), and of ion cyclotron wave in (Jaeger et al 1993;Fuchs et al 1995;Wilson & Bonoli 2015). Having in mind the main elements of wave propagation and damping mechanisms, as well as the requirements for the ITER heating (Poli et al 2014), the method for modelling heating systems and the last physical phenomena to take in account following new experimental evidences will be presented.…”

Section: General Considerations On Wave Propagation For Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation as a tool to improve wave heating in fusion plasmas

et al. 2015

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(Received ?; revised ?; accepted ?. -To be entered by editorial office)Firstly, a brief overview will be given on different models that are able to describe the behaviour of wave propagation as a function of specific frequency ranges. Each range corresponds to different heating systems, namely, 20-100 MHz for the Ion Cyclotron Resonant Heating (ICRH), 2-20 GHz for Lower Hybrid Heating or Current Drive (LHCD), and 100-250 GHz for Electron Cyclotron Resonant Heating (ERCH) or Current Drive (ECCD) systems. Every systems' specifications will be explained in detail, including the typical set of equations and the assumptions needed to describe the properties of these heating or current drive systems, as well as their specific domains of validity. In these descriptions, special attention will be paid to the boundary conditions. A review about specific physical problems associated with the wave heating systems will also be provided. Such review will detail the role of simulation in answering questions coming from experiments on magnetized plasma devices devoted to Fusion. A few examples which will be covered are the impact of edge turbulence on wave propagation and its consequences on the heating system performances, effects of the fast particles, ponderomotive effects, among others. A study that is more focused on Radio Frequency (RF) sheath effects will also be discussed. It shows that such simulations require very sophisticated tools to gain a partial understanding of the observations undertaken in dedicated experiments. To conclude this review, an overview will be given about the requirements and progress necessary to obtain relevant predictive simulation tools able to describe the wave heating systems used in fusion devices.

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Progress on ion cyclotron range of frequencies heating physics and technology in support of the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 28 publications

References 117 publications

Experimental Observation of Convective Cell Formation due to a Fast Wave Antenna in the Large Plasma Device

Experimental Observation of Convective Cell Formation due to a Fast Wave Antenna in the Large Plasma Device

A new ion cyclotron range of frequency scenario for bulk ion heating in deuterium-tritium plasmas: How to utilize intrinsic impurities in our favour

Simulation as a tool to improve wave heating in fusion plasmas

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