Progress on open cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell: Performance, designs, challenges and future directions

Kurnia, Jundika C.; Chaedir, Benitta A.; Sasmito, Agus P.; Shamim, Tariq

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116359

Cited by 82 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…1 Meanwhile, PEMFC technology has attracted substantial attention because of its advantages of high efficiency, low emission, and fast response. 2 However, there are still barriers to the commercialization of PEM fuel cells such as manufacturing costs and durability. 3 Degradation can escalate, if not mitigated in early stages, 4 which highlights the importance of diagnostic and monitoring tools that can quickly identify faulty conditions during cell operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model‐based diagnosis of proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell cathode catalyst layer microstructure degradation

Heidari¹,

Esmaili

Ranjbar³

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary It is of vital importance to utilize diagnostic tools that are capable of quickly identifying faulty conditions during cell operation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a popular technique for monitoring proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance and physics‐based models are a sophisticated tool for predicting cell behavior and interpreting the data achieved by EIS. In this study, a transient, one‐dimensional, two‐phase model for PEMFC membrane electrode assembly (MEA) was developed. By coding in MATLAB, the system of equations was solved and EIS spectra were obtained over the frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 100 kHz. The effects of Pt loss and ionomer distribution on EIS spectrum were investigated. The results indicate that the low‐frequency intercept of the impedance spectrum with the real axis, also known as the low‐frequency resistance (LFR), is an ideal indicator of Pt degradation and if not mitigated in the early stages, Pt degradation can significantly deteriorate cell electrochemical performance (up to 27% increase in LFR for the cases studied). The impact of heterogeneous ionomer distribution in cathode catalyst layer (CCL) on the high‐frequency portion of the impedance spectrum, also known as the “straight line” in the literature, is investigated. The results show that the length and the slope of the straight line are great indicators of ionomer degradation as the slope of the straight line deviated up to 16° from the ideal 45° (in case of a uniform distribution of ionomer in CCL) and the length of the straight line decreased about 44% for the cases studied. Highlights A transient, one‐dimensional, two‐phase model of proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell suitable for diagnostic applications is developed. Effects of cathode catalyst layer microstructure degradation on cell electrochemical impedance spectrum are investigated. The low‐frequency resistance is an ideal indicator of Pt degradation. The shape of the high‐frequency portion of the impedance spectrum could be utilized for ionomer degradation monitoring.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model‐based diagnosis of proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell cathode catalyst layer microstructure degradation

Heidari¹,

Esmaili

Ranjbar³

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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“…To utilize the excess fuel, recirculation devices or methods [21][22][23] are required to re-circulate the unused gas back into the system to improve fuel efficiency. For this reason, the implementation of the dead-ended mode is required and can be achieved with a dead-ended anode (DEA) [24][25][26][27][28], dead-ended cathode(DEC) [29], and dead-ended anode and cathode(DEAC) [30][31][32], each of which is required in different situations. The DEA mode is designed to increase the consumption rate of hydrogen, resulting in an improvement in efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A breakthrough hydrogen and oxygen utilization in a H2-O2 PEMFC stack with dead-ended anode and cathode

Fan

Xing

et al. 2021

Energy Conversion and Management

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“…As an important exploration direction in the energy revolution, hydrogen energy has become an important way for the transportation industry to achieve low-carbon and zero-carbon emissions, 1 and more and more countries have begun to vigorously develop hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. 2 The hydrogen fuel cell is a multi-input and multi-output coupling system. Both the air compressor and the back pressure valve in the air supply system will have an impact on the stack inlet pressure and flow rate, and the air compressor itself has a coupling relationship between the flow rate and pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to improve the independent contribution, China is expected to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in 2060. As an important exploration direction in the energy revolution, hydrogen energy has become an important way for the transportation industry to achieve low-carbon and zero-carbon emissions, and more and more countries have begun to vigorously develop hydrogen fuel cell vehicles . The hydrogen fuel cell is a multi-input and multi-output coupling system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated Control of the Fuel Cell Air Supply System Based on Fuzzy Neural Network Decoupling

Jia¹,

Zhang

et al. 2021

ACS Omega

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In order to achieve the goal of carbon neutralization, hydrogen plays an important role in the new global energy pattern, and its development has also promoted the research of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. The air supply system is an important subsystem of hydrogen fuel cell engine. The increase of air supply can improve the output characteristics of a fuel cell, but excessive gas supply will destroy the pressure balance of the anode and cathode. In the actual operation of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell, considering the load change, it is necessary not only to ensure the stability of reactor pressure but also to meet the rapid response of inlet pressure and flow in the process of change. Therefore, the coordinated control of the two is the key to improving fuel cell output performance. In this paper, the dynamic model of the intake system is built based on the mechanism and experimental data. On this basis, the double closed-loop proportion integration differentiation (PID) control and feedforward compensation decoupling PID control are carried out for the air supply system, respectively. Then, the fuzzy neural network decoupling control strategy is proposed to make up for the shortcomings that the double closed-loop PID cannot achieve decoupling and the feedforward compensation decoupling does not have adaptability. The results show that the fuzzy neural network control can realize the decoupling between air intake flow and pressure and ensure that the air intake flow and pressure have a good follow-up, and the system’s response speed is fast.

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Progress on open cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell: Performance, designs, challenges and future directions

Cited by 82 publications

References 159 publications

Model‐based diagnosis of proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell cathode catalyst layer microstructure degradation

Model‐based diagnosis of proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell cathode catalyst layer microstructure degradation

A breakthrough hydrogen and oxygen utilization in a H2-O2 PEMFC stack with dead-ended anode and cathode

Coordinated Control of the Fuel Cell Air Supply System Based on Fuzzy Neural Network Decoupling

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