Progress on the electrode materials towards vanadium flow batteries (VFBs) with improved power density

Liu, Tao; Li, Xianfeng; Zhang, Huamin; Chen, Jizhong

doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2018.07.003

Cited by 80 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…3 (a-f) shows the positive reaction, negative reaction, and full cell performance, respectively. To clarify the advantages of PGF, a comparative assessment of the benchmark TGF [4,19] was also performed. The positive and negative EIS measurements were performed at a polarization potential of 0.70 and −0.40 V because these are the onset potential of the VO 2 + oxidation reaction ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, various strategies, including thermal treatment [8] , acid activation [9] , electro-oxidation [10] , chemical etching [11] , decorating nano electrocatalysts such as carbon materials [12][13][14] and metal oxides [15][16][17][18] , have been successfully employed to improve the wettability and activity of GF. As a result, the charge-discharge current density of VFB increases from the initial 50-150 mA cm −2 to the current 10 0-30 0 mA cm −2 [19] . Although the rate capability of VFB is greatly enhanced, the long-term cycle stability of the modified GF still remains great challenge due to continuous electrolyte flushing and a harsh acidic and oxidizing environment [6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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P-doped electrode for vanadium flow battery with high-rate capability and all-climate adaptability

Lin

et al. 2019

Journal of Energy Chemistry

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P-doped electrode for vanadium flow battery with high-rate capability and all-climate adaptability

Lin

et al. 2019

Journal of Energy Chemistry

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“…The electrode is another important component of the ZFB; it provides active sites for redox reactions, but the electrode itself does not participate in the reactions . The physicochemical properties of the electrode have significant impact on the battery performance.…”

Section: Advanced Materials For Zinc‐based Flow Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the electrocatalytic activity of the plate electrodes toward redox couples is relatively low, and the plate structure of the electrodes results in a high concentration polarization, which in turn leads to the battery working at a low current density. Accordingly, the porous electrodes, and porous carbon electrodes in particular, are increasingly receiving attention on account of their high electrocatalytic activity, high stability, and wide operation potential range …”

Section: Advanced Materials For Zinc‐based Flow Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Materials for Zinc‐Based Flow Battery: Development and Challenge

et al. 2019

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stability and efficiency of the electric grid to portable electronic devices as well as supplying backup power in districts with limited grid connectivity or in off-grid applications, [4][5][6][7] are an effective approach to address these issues.Among the numerous electrochemical energy storage techniques, flow batteries (FBs) are well suited for energy storage because of their perfect combination of high safety, high efficiency and flexibility. [8][9][10] A flow battery realizes the transformation of chemical energy into electric energy through the oxidation and reduction reactions of redox couples stored in electrolytes that typically circulate through the anode and cathode, which are normally separated by an ionconducting membrane. [11] Compared with other battery systems such as lithium-based batteries and lead-based batteries, the power of a flow battery is determined by the size and number of cell stacks, while the energy or capacity of the battery depends on the concentration and the volume of the redox couples in the electrolytes. [12] Hence, the power and energy or capacity of a flow battery can be designed independently, [13] allowing the power of a flow battery to range from the 100 kW to the 100 MW level and the energy of a flow battery to range from the 100 kWh to the 100 MWh level. [14] Normally, the electrolyte of a flow battery consists of an aqueous solution, which endows the technology with high safety and minimal potential risk of fire or explosion. These advantages of flow battery technologies make such devices very suitable for energy storage applications.As a representative flow battery technology, the vanadium flow battery (VFB) has long been considered as one of the most mature technologies and is currently at the commercial demonstration stage. [8,15] However, some limitations and challenges, e.g., the relatively high cost [16] and low energy density, still need to be overcome to realize its industrialization. Recently, tremendous efforts have been devoted to exploring and developing novel flow battery technologies with low costs and high energy densities, e.g., zinc-based flow batteries (ZFBs), [17][18][19][20][21] polymer-based flow batteries, [22][23][24] and quinone-based flow batteries. [25][26][27][28] These newly developed flow battery technologies have demonstrated promise for energy storage applications, although most are still in development in the lab.Zinc-based flow batteries (ZFBs) are well suitable for stationary energy storage applications because of their high energy density and low-cost advantages. Nevertheless, their wide application is still confronted with challenges, which are mainly from advanced materials. Therefore, research on advanced materials for ZFBs in terms of electrodes, membranes, and electrolytes as well as their chemistries are of the utmost importance. Herein, the focus is on the scientific understandings of the fundamental design of these advanced materials and their chemistries in relation to the battery performance. The principles of using different...

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“…η act , η ohm and η con are the main causes of the energy decay in ICRFBs. [23,24] Therefore, in the ICRFB, it is necessary to clarify the influence of the precursor materials on the polarization effects of the graphite felt. In this paper, the three-dimensional structure, electrical conductivity and chemical structure of PANGF and RGF were investigated, and the electrode reaction kinetic parameters of PANGF and RGF in Fe/Cr system were calculated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization Effects of a Rayon and Polyacrylonitrile Based Graphite Felt for Iron‐Chromium Redox Flow Batteries

et al. 2019

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In this paper, a rayon based graphite felt (R‐GF) and a polyacrylonitrile based graphite felt (PAN‐GF) are studied to clarify the influence of the precursor on the polarization effect from three aspects: concentration polarization, ohmic polarization, and electrochemical polarization. The essential difference in chemical structure between R‐GF and PAN‐GF is that the precursor material makes PAN‐GF easier to be graphitized. The higher degree of graphitization leads to a higher conductivity of PAN‐GF. At the same thickness and porosity, the conductivity of PAN‐GF is higher and the loss of ohmic polarization is smaller. These factors make PAN‐GF have better electrocatalytic properties and kinetic reversibility in the Fe/Cr electrolyte environment. While the surface roughness of R‐GF is larger, which is contributing to the diffusion and surface mass transfer of the electrolyte on the surface. The effect of precursor on the concentration polarization of R‐GF and PAN‐GF is related to the surface mass transfer, which ultimately affects the performance of ICRFB.

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Progress on the electrode materials towards vanadium flow batteries (VFBs) with improved power density

Cited by 80 publications

References 124 publications

P-doped electrode for vanadium flow battery with high-rate capability and all-climate adaptability

P-doped electrode for vanadium flow battery with high-rate capability and all-climate adaptability

Advanced Materials for Zinc‐Based Flow Battery: Development and Challenge

Polarization Effects of a Rayon and Polyacrylonitrile Based Graphite Felt for Iron‐Chromium Redox Flow Batteries

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