Progress on the Elucidation of the Antinociceptive Effect of Ginseng and Ginsenosides in Chronic Pain

Li, Meixian; Wei, Qian-Qi; Lu, Huan-Jun

doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.821940

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…is a perennial herbaceous plant in the family Araliaceae that is primarily distributed in China, South Korea, and Russia (Abid et al, 2021 ). Ginseng is traditional and precious medicine in East Asia and has important medicinal and economic value (Li et al, 2022 ). The main active compounds in ginseng include ginsenosides, polysaccharides, and polypeptides, among others (Ratan et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal NPK Fertilizer Combination Increases Panax ginseng Yield and Quality and Affects Diversity and Structure of Rhizosphere Fungal Communities

et al. 2022

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Soil microorganisms affect crop rhizospheres via the transformation and transport of nutrients, which has important influences on soil fertility, carbon sequestration, and plant yield and health in agroecosystems. There are few reports on the effects of fertilizer application on the growth of Panax ginseng (C. A. Mey.) or the structure of its rhizosphere microbial communities. In this study, an orthogonal experimental design was used to explore the effects of nine different combinations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers with different amounts and proportions on ginseng growth and accumulation of ginsenosides and the structure of rhizosphere soil fungal communities. Soil without fertilization was the control. With the combined application of NPK, ginseng growth and development increased. The fertilization scheme N3P1K3, with N fertilizer at 50 g·m−2, P fertilizer at 15 g·m−2, and K fertilizer at 60 g·m−2, had the most comprehensive benefit and significantly increased ginseng rhizome biomass and ginsenoside contents (Rg1, Re, Rf, Rg2, Rb1, Ro, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, and Rd). Amplicon sequencing showed that NPK application increased the diversity of fungal communities in ginseng rhizospheres, whereas richness was bidirectionally regulated by proportions and amounts of NPK. Ascomycota was the dominant fungal phylum in ginseng rhizosphere soil, and relative abundances decreased with combined NPK application. Combined NPK application increased the relative abundance of potential beneficial fungi, such as Mortierella, but decreased that of potentially pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium. Correlation analysis showed that potential beneficial fungi were significantly positively correlated with ginseng rhizome yield and ginsenoside contents, whereas the opposite relation was observed with potential pathogenic fungi. Thus, in addition to directly increasing crop growth, precise NPK application can also increase crop adaptability to the environment by shaping specific microbial communities. The results of this study suggest that the combined effects of biotic and abiotic processes on agricultural production determine crop yield and quality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal NPK Fertilizer Combination Increases Panax ginseng Yield and Quality and Affects Diversity and Structure of Rhizosphere Fungal Communities

et al. 2022

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“…[ 14 ]. To date, numerous studies have revealed various beneficial effects of P. ginseng and its derivatives, including ginsenosides, for the manipulation of fatigue [ 15 ], diabetes [ 16 ], chronic pain [ 17 ], and systemic inflammation [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginseng Sprouts Attenuate Mortality and Systemic Inflammation by Modulating TLR4/NF-κB Signaling in an LPS-Induced Mouse Model of Sepsis

Hwang

Wang

Lee

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Sepsis leads to multi-organ failure due to aggressive systemic inflammation, which is one of the main causes of death clinically. This study aimed to evaluate whether ginseng sprout extracts (GSE) can rescue sepsis and explore its underlying mechanisms. C57BL/6J male mice (n = 15/group) were pre-administered with GSE (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, p.o) for 5 days, and a single injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 30 mg/kg, i.p) was administered to construct a sepsis model. Additionally, RAW264.7 cells were treated with LPS with/without GSE/its main components (Rd and Re) to explain the mechanisms corresponding to the animal-derived effects. LPS injection led to the death of all mice within 38 h, while GSE pretreatment delayed the time to death. GSE pretreatment also notably ameliorated LPS-induced systemic inflammation such as histological destruction in both the lung and liver, along with reductions in inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, in both tissues and serum. Additionally, GSE markedly diminished the drastic secretion of nitric oxide (NO) by suppressing the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) in both tissues. Similar changes in TNF-α, IL-1β, NO, iNOS, and COX2 were observed in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, and protein expression data and nuclear translocation assays suggested GSE could modulate LPS-binding protein (LBP), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and NF-κB. Ginsenoside Rd could be a major active component in GSE that produces the anti-sepsis effects. Our data support that ginseng sprouts could be used as an herbal resource to reduce the risk of sepsis. The corresponding mechanisms may involve TLR4/NF-κB signaling and a potentially active component.

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“…Nearly 200 types of ginsenosides have been identified in ginseng, including Rb1, Rb2, Rg1, Rd, Rh1, and Rh2. Increasing clinical and experimental evidence indicates that ginsenosides have different advantageous effects on various diseases [9][10][11][12]. Ginsenoside Rh2 is a major bioactive component of red ginseng extract.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Pain Effect of Ginsenoside-Conjugated O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan Particles

Lu,

Cen,

Ren

et al. 2023

Polymers

Self Cite

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Nanoparticle delivery of functional molecules or vaccines is an effective method for the treatment of many diseases. This study aims to design ginsenoside Rh2-conjugated O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC/Rh2) as a drug delivery system and explore its anti-nociceptive effects. O-CMC/Rh2 was synthesized with an esterification reaction, and its chemical composition and morphology were evaluated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), the attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the in vitro cumulative release of Rh2 from the O-CMC/Rh2 was also evaluated under different pH conditions. The results showed that the ginsenoside Rh2 was successfully conjugated to the O-CMC matrix and exhibited a highly porous structure after conjugation, facilitating the release of Rh2 from O-CMC. Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) and burn injury-induced pain models were used to evaluate the anti-nociceptive effects of O-CMC/Rh2 on inflammatory pain. O-CMC/Rh2 reduced CFA-induced pain hypersensitivity in a dose-dependent manner and had a longer analgesic effect than Rh2. In addition, O-CMC/Rh2 also relieved the chronic pain induced by bury injury. These results indicated that O-CMC/Rh2 could be useful in reducing inflammatory pain, thus possessing a potential medicinal application in pain therapy.

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Progress on the Elucidation of the Antinociceptive Effect of Ginseng and Ginsenosides in Chronic Pain

Cited by 6 publications

References 107 publications

Optimal NPK Fertilizer Combination Increases Panax ginseng Yield and Quality and Affects Diversity and Structure of Rhizosphere Fungal Communities

Optimal NPK Fertilizer Combination Increases Panax ginseng Yield and Quality and Affects Diversity and Structure of Rhizosphere Fungal Communities

Ginseng Sprouts Attenuate Mortality and Systemic Inflammation by Modulating TLR4/NF-κB Signaling in an LPS-Induced Mouse Model of Sepsis

Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Pain Effect of Ginsenoside-Conjugated O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan Particles

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