Progress on the nanoscale spherical TiO₂ photocatalysts: Mechanisms, synthesis and degradation applications

Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has the advantages of strong photocatalytic activity, non‐toxicity, and low cost, and so on. It has always occupied a dominant position in many photocatalytic materials, especially nanoscale spherical TiO2 has the characteristics of high specific surface area and pore‐volume, and so on. Therefore, Degussa P25, as a typical representative of the nanoscale spherical structure, is currently the only material produced on a large scale. According to the structure, nanoscale spherical TiO2 can be divided into three types: solid, core‐shell, and hollow spheres. However, there is still a lack of the latest review on the synthetic doping and application of nanoscale spherical TiO2. Therefore, we first describe the degradation mechanism of nanoscale spherical TiO2 and summarize the latest progress of its synthesis strategy in this review, including doping and other modification techniques, and finally introduce the application of nanoscale spherical TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds, dye wastewater, antibiotics, pesticides, and oily wastewater. Through this review, it is helpful for researchers to further understand the synthesis and application of nanoscale spherical TiO2, hoping to continuously improve the disadvantages and photocatalytic activity of nanoscale spherical TiO2, and promote the widespread application of nanoscale spherical TiO2 on an industrial scale.

Comprehensive spectroscopy and photocatalytic activity analysis of TiO2-Pt systems under LED irradiation

“…Our investigations reveal that platinum nanoparticles deposited on the surface of titanium dioxide, both in the anatase form and the commercially available P25, do not expand the excitation spectrum as initially hypothesized. This observation clarifies that under UV light exposure, electrons in the valence band of TiO 2 are excited, transitioning to the conduction band 83,84 . This process results in the generation of electron-hole pairs, critical for photocatalytic activity.…”

Preparation of Pt and bamboo charcoal co-modified TiO 2 for formaldehyde sensing at room temperature

“…Figure 2 shows the XRD patterns of TiO 2 /C and Pt/TiO 2 . The five strong diffraction peaks at 25.28°, 38.34°, 47.82°, 53.96° and 55.06°c orrespond to the (1 0 1), (0 0 4), (2 0 0), (1 0 5) and (2 1 1) planes of the anatase phase, respectively, indicating the presence of the anatase phase of TiO 2 [33][34][35][36]. The JCPDS card number for TiO 2 is 71-1167, which confirms these assignments.…”

A Review on the Progress and Future of TiO2/Graphene Photocatalysts

“…In this context, for a decade, titanium dioxide (titania or TiO 2 ) has remained one of the most extensively investigated semiconductor photocatalysts, owing to its suitable band gap (anatase TiO 2 -3.2 eV), chemical stability and non-toxicity [33]. TiO 2 nanophotocatalysts provide increased effective photocatalytic activity under real conditions due to their higher specific surface area compared to bulk TiO 2 [34].…”