Progress on ultrasonic guided waves de-icing techniques in improving aviation energy efficiency

141

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is the continuous on-board monitoring of a structure’s condition during operation by integrated systems of sensors. SHM is believed to have the potential to increase the safety of the structure while reducing its deadweight and downtime. Numerous SHM methods exist that allow the observation and assessment of different damages of different kinds of structures. Recently data fusion on different levels has been getting attention for joint damage evaluation by different SHM methods to achieve increased assessment accuracy and reliability. However, little attention is given to the question of which SHM methods are promising to combine. The current article addresses this issue by demonstrating the theoretical capabilities of a number of prominent SHM methods by comparing their fundamental physical models to the actual effects of damage on metal and composite structures. Furthermore, an overview of the state-of-the-art damage assessment concepts for different levels of SHM is given. As a result, dynamic SHM methods using ultrasonic waves and vibrations appear to be very powerful but suffer from their sensitivity to environmental influences. Combining such dynamic methods with static strain-based or conductivity-based methods and with additional sensors for environmental entities might yield a robust multi-sensor SHM approach. For demonstration, a potent system of sensors is defined and a possible joint data evaluation scheme for a multi-sensor SHM approach is presented.

Section: Ultrasonic Guided Waves (Ugw)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Structural Health Monitoring Methods Regarding a Multi-Sensor Approach for Damage Assessment of Metal and Composite Structures

Kralovec

Schagerl

2020

141

“…Over the years, the acoustic waves in form of ultrasonic, acoustic emission (AE), laser vibrometry, and UGWs have been used immensely for SHM and NDE of metallic and composite structures [ 49 , 57 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ]. Apart from their applications in health prognostic studies, the GWs have been used for various other functions such as ice detection, de-icing, pigging, and antifouling operations in various isotropic and anisotropic structures [ 12 , 44 ]. Although, under some specific circumstances, the reach and efficacy of GWs is confined by the contribution of environmental factors such as temperature, moisture and humidity, and external excitations of running machinery [ 68 , 69 , 70 ].…”

Section: Research Literature Review On Various Aspects Of Ugws Tecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The UGW is a rapidly emerging SHM technique for inspection of metallic/composite structures [ 11 , 12 ]. The prominent features of GWUT such as high sensitivity to surface/subsurface flaws, long reach, efficacy in finding faults of inaccessible areas have made this approach a cost-effective and preferable choice for structural health assessment [ 8 , 10 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) and Determination of Surface Defects in Large Metallic Structures using Ultrasonic Guided Waves

Abbas

Shafiee

2018

124

Ultrasonic guided wave (UGW) is one of the most commonly used technologies for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) and structural health monitoring (SHM) of structural components. Because of its excellent long-range diagnostic capability, this method is effective in detecting cracks, material loss, and fatigue-based defects in isotropic and anisotropic structures. The shape and orientation of structural defects are critical parameters during the investigation of crack propagation, assessment of damage severity, and prediction of remaining useful life (RUL) of structures. These parameters become even more important in cases where the crack intensity is associated with the safety of men, environment, and material, such as ship’s hull, aero-structures, rail tracks and subsea pipelines. This paper reviews the research literature on UGWs and their application in defect diagnosis and health monitoring of metallic structures. It has been observed that no significant research work has been convened to identify the shape and orientation of defects in plate-like structures. We also propose an experimental research work assisted by numerical simulations to investigate the response of UGWs upon interaction with cracks in different shapes and orientations. A framework for an empirical model may be considered to determine these structural flaws.

“…With thermal melting methods, electro-thermal pads are inserted between the surface layers, or hot air is circulated inside the wing or blade [15]. To physically remove the accumulated ice on the surface, various devices can be used, such as electro-vibratory, microwave, shape memory alloy, pneumatic boots, and electro-impulsive [16]. Hydro-/ice-phobic coatings reduce the rate of ice accretion and aid in ice shedding [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel Multi-Channel Thermocouple Array Sensor for In-Situ Monitoring of Ice Accretion

Rieman

Guk

Kim

et al. 2020

A test was performed to determine the efficacy of a novel multi-channel thermocouple temperature sensor employing “N+1” array architecture for the in-situ detection of icing in cold climates. T-type thermoelements were used to fabricate a sensor with six independent temperature sensing points, capable of two-dimensional temperature mapping. The sensor was intended to detect the high latent heat of fusion of water (334 J/g) which is released to the environment during ice formation. The sensor was embedded on a plywood board and an aluminium plate, respectively by an epoxy resin. Three different ice accretion cases were considered. Ice accretion for all cases was achieved on the surface of the resin layer. In order to analyse the temperature variation for all three cases, the first 20 s response for each case was averaged between three cases. A temperature increase of (1.0 ± 0.1) °C and (0.9 ± 0.1) °C was detected by the sensors 20 s after the onset of icing, attributed to the latent heat of fusion of water. The results indicate that the sensor design is well-suited to cold temperature applications and that detection of the latent heat of fusion could provide a rapid and robust means of icing detection.