The
development of reliable, mass-produced, and cost-effective
sub-10 nm nanofabrication technology leads to an unprecedented level
of integration of photonic devices. In this work, we describe the
development of a laser direct writing (LDW) lithography technique
with ∼5 nm feature size, which is about 1/55 of the optical
diffraction limit of the LDW system (405 nm laser and 0.9 NA objective),
and the realization of 5 nm nanogap electrodes. This LDW lithography
exhibits an attractive capability of well-site control and mass production
of ∼5 × 105 nanogap electrodes per hour, breaking
the trade-off between resolution and throughput in a nanofabrication
technique. Nanosensing chips have been demonstrated with the as-obtained
nanogap electrodes, where controllable surface enhancement Raman scattering
of rhodamine 6G has been realized via adjusting the gap width and,
especially, the applied bias voltages. Our results establish that
such a low-cost and high-efficient lithography technology has great
potential to fabricate compact integrated circuits and biochips.