Progress toward board-level optical interconnect technology

Moynihan, M.; Sicard, Bruno; Ho, Tuan; Little, Luke; Pugliano, Nick; Shelnut, James G.; Zheng, Hai Bin; Knudsen, Phil; Lundy, Dan; Chiarotto, Nancy; Lustig, Curtis; Allen, Colin

doi:10.1117/12.594675

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The formula lends itself to numerous configurations where R1, R2, R3 and R4 can be a combination of aliphatic and/or aromatic groups [18]. Depending upon the functional groups attached to the polymer backbone, various performance factors can be designed into the material, including dissolution rate, mechanical properties and optical loss.…”

Section: Siloxane Planar Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LightLink TM is a material from the silsesquioxanes family [18], [19]. These polymers are hybrid organic/inorganic materials that consist mainly of silicon and oxygen and form a highly crosslinked network and might be a significant promise in the optical interconnection market due to their photoimaging, optical, hydrophobic and thermal stability properties.…”

Section: Siloxane Planar Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Properties of Siloxane Based Optical Waveguides Deposited on Transparent Paper and Foil

Prajzler

Hyps²,

Mastera³

et al. 2016

RADIOENGINEERING

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Section: Siloxane Planar Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Siloxane Planar Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Siloxane Based Optical Waveguides Deposited on Transparent Paper and Foil

Prajzler

Hyps²,

Mastera³

et al. 2016

RADIOENGINEERING

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“…A pair of optical polymers, LighLink TM , provided by Rohm & Haas Electronic Materials is used. The LightLink is a negative acting photoimaging polymeric system which is based on an inorganic-organic hybrid platform [13]. It consists of two parts with refractive indices of 1.5196 and 1.4908 for the waveguide core and cladding.…”

Section: Designing Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

45 Degree polymer micro-mirror integration for board-level three-dimensional optical interconnects

Martínek

Liu

Adibi

2009

2009 59th Electronic Components and Technology Conference

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We introduced here a novel method to fabricate polymer optical waveguides with integrated 45º total internal reflection (TIR) micro-mirrors by contact photolithography on printed circuit boards (PCBs) to achieve fully embedded optical interconnects. The 45º TIR mirrors were shaped at the ends of the waveguides in one step to provide surface normal light coupling between waveguides and optoelectronic devices. A tank of de-ionized (D.I.) water is used to couple the ultraviolet (UV) exposure beam through the core polymer layer at 45º angle during the contact photolithography process, and then the 45 mirror facet will be formed after the post-process. Compared to the conventional glass prismpolymer coupling interface, this novel water-polymer interface provides a simple, convenient, and cost efficient solution. This technique is not only compatible with PCB manufacturing facility and technology, but also suitable to large panel board-level manufacturing for optical interconnects. The 45º angle can be controlled with an accuracy of ±1º and has a high reproducibility. The average insertion loss of the 45º TIR uncoated mirrors is around 1.6dB. IntroductionThe ever-increasing need for higher bandwidth and density is one of the motivations for extensive research on planar optoelectronic structures on PCB substrate [1]. Among many applications, optical interconnects [2] have gotten considerable attention in the last decade. In all planar optoelectronic systems, optical waveguides are crucial elements that facilitate signal rooting. As an example, integration of optical waveguides and polymer passive devices on high density PCB substrate is a major area of research in optoelectronics. Low propagation loss, high optical quality, and manufacturability are among the requirements of polymer optical waveguides and polymer passive devices on PCB substrates for practical applications. In three-dimensional fully embedded board-level optical interconnects, another key challenge is to realize efficient optical coupling between in-plane waveguides and laser/detector devices. The 45º TIR micro-mirrors and grating devices [3] integrated on the waveguide have been studied as the surface normal couplers. 45º total internal reflection (TIR) mirror couplers are more widely employed as waveguide couplers compared with the grating couplers, because they are coupling-efficient, easy to fabricate, and relatively insensitive to wavelength variations.Various techniques can be used to construct such 45º TIR micro-mirrors, such as laser ablation [4][5][6], grayscale lithography [7], hard molding [8], soft molding [9], reactive ion etching (RIE) [10], micro-dicing [11], and the X-ray

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“…High density interconnects with multiple wire layers are fabricated and then multimode polymeric waveguides are formed on the wire layers. The polysiloxane based material "LightLink" [9] was employed in this research. This is a negative acting photo-imaging polymeric system which is based on an inorganic-organic hybrid platform.…”

Section: Optical Polymer Waveguidementioning

confidence: 99%

A Real Time Precision Measurement Technique for Low Loss Optical Polymeric Waveguide

Martínek

Liu

Chang

et al. 2007

2007 8th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology

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Optical polymer waveguide is a key passive component for the optical interconnection. Design and fabrication of high performance waveguides has a critical importance for the success of optoelectronic integration. We present here a fast, non-destructive, sensitive, and real-time technique for detailed investigation of the propagation properties of planar optical waveguides. We use this technique to have demonstrated high performance polymer waveguides on PCB substrates with propagation loss less than 0.05dB/cm. To the best of our knowledge, this was in the lowest loss date range reported for polymer waveguides on PCB substrates to date. A high sensitive CCD camera with a built-in integration function is utilized to observe the light streak in two dimensions through a two lens imaging system. A few seconds to a few ten seconds depends on the beam scattering intensity is needed for complete one measurement, compared to the sliding prism method requiring several hours and cutback method requiring even longer time. This technique can not only be used to evaluate the overall performance of a waveguide but also local waveguide performance and in-situ investigation of the propagation properties (defect effect, mode profile, bending properties, etc.). It can be extended to monitor the process of waveguide fabrication and alignment control during the assembly for the optical circuit integration.

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Progress toward board-level optical interconnect technology

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Properties of Siloxane Based Optical Waveguides Deposited on Transparent Paper and Foil

Properties of Siloxane Based Optical Waveguides Deposited on Transparent Paper and Foil

45 Degree polymer micro-mirror integration for board-level three-dimensional optical interconnects

A Real Time Precision Measurement Technique for Low Loss Optical Polymeric Waveguide

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