Progress toward Lignin Valorization via Selective Catalytic Technologies and the Tailoring of Biosynthetic Pathways

Key, Rebecca E.; Bozell, Joseph J.

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b01319

Cited by 85 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…[15,16,[48][49][50] Due to the wide range of conditions under which sulfite pulping can be conducted and, as ar esult lignosulfonates produced, lignosulfonate structures may vary considerably.H owever,afull lignosulfonate model structure has also been proposed by Matsushita andm ay be found elsewhere. [38,[51][52][53] [38,[51][52][53] …”

Section: Lignosulfonates From Sulfite Spent Liquormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production and Application of Lignosulfonates and Sulfonated Lignin

2017

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Lignin is the largest reservoir of aromatic compounds on earth and has great potential to be used in many industrial applications. Alternative methods to produce lignosulfonates from spent sulfite pulping liquors and kraft lignin from black liquor of kraft pulping process are critically reviewed herein. Furthermore, options to increase the sulfonate contents of lignin-based products are outlined and the industrial attractiveness of them is evaluated. This evaluation includes sulfonation and sulfomethylation of lignin. To increase the sulfomethylation efficiency of lignin, various scenarios, including hydrolysis, oxidation, and hydroxymethylation, were compared. The application of sulfonated lignin-based products is assessed and the impact of the properties of these products on the characteristics of their end-use application is critically evaluated. Sulfonated lignin-based products have been used as dispersants in cement admixtures and dye solutions more than other applications, and their molecular weight and degree of sulfonation were crucial in determining their efficiency. The use of lignin-based sulfonated products in composites may result in an increase in the hydrophilicity of some composites, but the sulfonated products may need to be desulfonated with an alkali and/or oxygen prior to their use in composites. To be used as a flocculant, sulfonated lignin-based products may need to be cross-linked to increase their molecular weight. The challenges associated with the use of lignin-based products in these applications are comprehensively discussed herein.

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Section: Lignosulfonates From Sulfite Spent Liquormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[39] Additional information on lignin and lignosulfonate structures and modification/biological engineering pathways for the purpose of biorefinery valorization has been covered extensively in recent years. [38,[51][52][53]…”

Section: Lignosulfonates From Sulfite Spent Liquormentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Application of Lignosulfonates and Sulfonated Lignin

2017

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“…In contrast, the hydrogenolysis of isolated lignin or direct hydrogenolysis of lignocellulosic biomass employing heterogeneous metal‐based catalysts represents an appealing approach for converting lignin into low‐molecular weight compounds; however, such reductive approaches are not new . Early studies in this area by Hibbert and co‐workers using lignin derived from maple and spruce wood meal in combination with a copper–chromium oxide catalyst showed that lignin could be hydrogenolyzed and hydrogenated to furnish 4‐propylcyclohexanol‐based aliphatic alcohols .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin Hydrogenolysis: Improving Lignin Disassembly through Formaldehyde Stabilization

Kärkäs

2017

ChemSusChem

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Lignocellulosic biomass is available in large quantities and constitutes an attractive feedstock for the sustainable production of bulk and fine chemicals. Although methods have been established for the conversion of its cellulosic fractions, valorization of lignin has proven to be challenging. The difficulty in disassembling lignin originates from its heterogeneous structure and its propensity to undergo skeletal rearrangements and condensation reactions during biorefinery fractionation or biomass pretreatment processes. A strategy for hindering the generation of these resistive interunit linkages during biomass pretreatment has now been devised using formaldehyde as a stabilizing agent. The developed method when combined with Ru/C‐catalyzed hydrogenolysis allows for efficient disassembly of all three biomass fractions: (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and suggests that lignin upgrading can be integrated into prevailing biorefinery schemes.

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“…Significant progress has been made on thermochemical approaches for lignin depolymerization such as pyrolysis and chemocatalytic approaches involving the use of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. An extensive overview of lignin valorization methodologies, catalyst developments, and key advances in this field is given in a number of reviews …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno‐economic comparative assessment of novel lignin depolymerization routes to bio‐based aromatics

Gürsel

Dijkstra

Huijgen

et al. 2019

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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This paper presents a techno‐economic assessment of three novel routes for the production of bio‐based aromatics from lignin. It aims to provide insights into their feasibility and hotspots at an early stage of development to guide further research and development and to facilitate commercialization. The lignin conversion routes are: (non‐catalytic) lignin pyrolysis, direct hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), and hydrothermal upgrading (HyThUp). The products generated are mixed oxygenated aromatic monomers (MOAMON), light organics, heavy organics, and char. For the technical assessment, conceptual design followed by process modeling in Aspen Plus was based on experimental yields. The models generated indispensable data on material and energy flows. An economic assessment was then conducted by estimating operating and capital costs. Return on investment (ROI), payback period (PBP), and net present value (NPV) were used as key performance indicators. Downstream processing was especially demanding in the HyThUp process due to the presence of a significant flow rate of water in the system, which significantly increased external utility requirements. Due to complex separations, the HyThUp process showed the highest capital cost (35% more than pyrolysis). Operating costs were the highest for the direct HDO process (34% more than pyrolysis) due to the use of hydrogen. Overall, the direct HDO process showed the highest ROI (12%) and the shortest PBP (5 years) due to high yields of valuable heavy organics (32%) and MOAMON (24%). Direct HDO was found to be feasible with a positive NPV based on prices used in the assessment. Among the three processes investigated, the direct HDO process therefore appeared to be the most promising, and consideration should be given to further development and commercialization of this process. © 2019 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Progress toward Lignin Valorization via Selective Catalytic Technologies and the Tailoring of Biosynthetic Pathways

Cited by 85 publications

References 122 publications

Production and Application of Lignosulfonates and Sulfonated Lignin

Production and Application of Lignosulfonates and Sulfonated Lignin

Lignin Hydrogenolysis: Improving Lignin Disassembly through Formaldehyde Stabilization

Techno‐economic comparative assessment of novel lignin depolymerization routes to bio‐based aromatics

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