Progress towards the eradication of Amblyomma variegatum from the Caribbean

Pegram, R. G.; Eddy, Carlos

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-3526-1_28

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Our maps of current habitat suitability suggest a high likelihood of several specific invasions that in fact have already occurred. For example, the African tick A. variegatum , an important and widespread vector species in Africa, invaded a number of Caribbean islands including Puerto Rico, St Croix, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St Kitts and St Lucia (Uilenberg et al ., 1984; Walker & Olwage, 1987; Pegram & Eddy, 2002). With assistance from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the tick has since been eradicated from many of these areas at great expense (Pegram & Eddy, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the African tick A. variegatum , an important and widespread vector species in Africa, invaded a number of Caribbean islands including Puerto Rico, St Croix, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St Kitts and St Lucia (Uilenberg et al ., 1984; Walker & Olwage, 1987; Pegram & Eddy, 2002). With assistance from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the tick has since been eradicated from many of these areas at great expense (Pegram & Eddy, 2002). Eradication of A. variegatum from the small island of Antigua was expected to cost over US$1.5 million for pesticides alone (Pegram & Eddy, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Will climate change affect ectoparasite species ranges?

Cumming

Vuuren

2006

Global Ecology and Biogeography

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Aim Over the next 100 years, human-driven climate change and resulting changes in species occurrences will have global impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem function, and human health. Here we examine how climate change may affect the occurrences of tick species in Africa and alter the suitability of habitat outside Africa for African ticks.Location Africa and the world. MethodsWe predicted continental and global changes in habitat suitability for each of 73 African tick species, using multiple regression models in different climate change scenarios that cover a wide range of uncertainty. ResultsGlobal habitat suitability improves for nearly all tick species under each of a representative range of eight climate change scenarios. Depending on the scenario, African tick species experience an average increase in global habitat suitability of between 1 million and 9 million square kilometres between 1990 and 2100. Main conclusionsThe potential for successful translocations of ticks and their pathogens from Africa to the rest of the world is likely to increase over the next 100 years. Although the general trend is one of range expansion, there are winners and losers among tick species in each scenario, suggesting that tick community composition will be disrupted substantially by climate change. If this is also typical of other invertebrates, then climate change will disrupt not only the geographic location of communities but also their structure. Changes in tick communities are also likely to influence tick-borne pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Will climate change affect ectoparasite species ranges?

Cumming

Vuuren

2006

Global Ecology and Biogeography

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“…Other methods of biological control such as nematodes, bacteria and fungi have also not been very successful to date (Samish 2006). Eradication campaigns are currently under way in the Caribbean to end the economic losses and perhaps prevent further spread of A. variegatum (Barre and Garris 1990;Barre et al 1995;Pegram and Eddy 2002).…”

Section: Eradication Of Ticksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Millettia ferruginea darasana (family: Fabaceae) against the larvae and adult ticks of Amblyomma variegatum Fabricius a three-host tick in cattle

2013

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The in vitro toxicity of Millettia ferruginea darasana (family: Fabaceae) was tested against the larvae adult male and female of a three-host tick, Amblyomma variegatum Fabricius (family: Ixodidae or hard tick), known as 'tropical bont tick' parasitic mainly to cattle found in Ethiopia and other equatorial Africa. The 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 % concentrations of the seed oil extracted with petroleum ether were found to kill all (100 % mortality) larvae after 12, 9, 6, 3 and 1.5 h respectively. The results summarized in the Table 1 was found to be statistically significant at the probability level of p = 0.05. The 100 % concentration of the oil caused 100 % mortality of adult male, adult female and fully engorged female tick after 5, 7 and 12 h respectively. The root and root bark showed less toxicity. The leaves did not show any toxicity.

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“…Amblyomma variegatum is not only a vector of Cowdria ruminantium bacteria causing heartwater in cattle, sheep and goats, it also aggravates severely the skin disease dermatophilosis by a systemic immune suppression associated with its feeding (Walker and Lloyd, 1993). Moreover, in the islands cleared of the tick, the effort had to be intense because of the residual populations on large numbers of alternative hosts such as feral donkeys, and stray small ruminants that graze in derelict cash-crop areas (Pegram and Eddy, 2002;Ahoussou et al 2010). In those islands of the Caribbean where local breeds of cattle have long ago acquired the ability to co-exist adequately with both the tick and Cowdria, farmers often regarded these diseases as an insufficient reason to participate with the campaign.…”

Section: Eradication Campaign Against the Bont Tick In The Caribbeanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, some cattle were almost impossible to treat, even with pour-on acaricide, due to the meagre resources for managing the cattle (Pegram and Eddy, 2002;Pegram, 2010). Culling the feral hosts was impossible and treating the ovine hosts was inefficient, so emphasis was placed on the favoured status of cattle as the maintenance host for A. variegatum.…”

Section: Influence Of Wild Animals On Tick Eradication and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eradication and control of livestock ticks: biological, economic and social perspectives

Walker

2011

Parasitology

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Comparisons of successful and failed attempts to eradicate livestock ticks reveal that the social context of farming and management of the campaigns have greater influence than techniques of treatment. The biology of ticks is considered principally where it has contributed to control of ticks as practiced on farms. The timing of treatments by life cycle and season can be exploited to reduce numbers of treatments per year. Pastures can be managed to starve and desiccate vulnerable larvae questing on vegetation. Immunity to ticks acquired by hosts can be enhanced by livestock breeding. The aggregated distribution of ticks on hosts with poor immunity can be used to select animals for removal from the herd. Models of tick population dynamics required for predicting outcomes of control methods need better understanding of drivers of distribution, aggregation, stability, and density-dependent mortality. Changing social circumstances, especially of land-use, has an influence on exposure to tick-borne pathogens that can be exploited for disease control.

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Progress towards the eradication of Amblyomma variegatum from the Caribbean

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Will climate change affect ectoparasite species ranges?

Will climate change affect ectoparasite species ranges?

Toxicity of Millettia ferruginea darasana (family: Fabaceae) against the larvae and adult ticks of Amblyomma variegatum Fabricius a three-host tick in cattle

Eradication and control of livestock ticks: biological, economic and social perspectives

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