Progression of Antiviral Agents Targeting Viral Polymerases

Peng, Siqi; Wang, Huizhen; Wang, Zhengtao; Wang, Qingzhong

doi:10.3390/molecules27217370

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…Apart from blocking virus attachment and entry, other inhibitors typically target the components that are critical for viral genome replication. Due to polymerases being the preferred target for antiviral intervention [ 177 , 178 ], fluorescence-based quantitative real-time PCR and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR are the methods of choice to specifically monitor the activity of DNA and RNA polymerases in the presence of inhibitors [ 179 , 180 , 181 ].…”

Section: Antiviral Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Landscape of Methods to Evaluate Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Extracts

et al. 2023

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Natural extracts have been and continue to be used to treat a wide range of medical conditions, from infectious diseases to cancer, based on their convenience and therapeutic potential. Natural products derived from microbes, plants, and animals offer a broad variety of molecules and chemical compounds. Natural products are not only one of the most important sources for innovative drug development for animal and human health, but they are also an inspiration for synthetic biology and chemistry scientists towards the discovery of new bioactive compounds and pharmaceuticals. This is particularly relevant in the current context, where antimicrobial resistance has risen as a global health problem. Thus, efforts are being directed toward studying natural compounds’ chemical composition and bioactive potential to generate drugs with better efficacy and lower toxicity than existing molecules. Currently, a wide range of methodologies are used to analyze the in vitro activity of natural extracts to determine their suitability as antimicrobial agents. Despite traditional technologies being the most employed, technological advances have contributed to the implementation of methods able to circumvent issues related to analysis capacity, time, sensitivity, and reproducibility. This review produces an updated analysis of the conventional and current methods to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of natural compounds.

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Section: Antiviral Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Landscape of Methods to Evaluate Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Extracts

et al. 2023

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“…The drug favipiravir (also known as Avigan or Favilavir) is a derivative of pyrazine and is developed by Fujifilm Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd. of Tokyo, Japan [ 129 , 130 ]. It was approved for the treatment of influenza A and B as it attacks RdRp, required for the replication cycle and transcription process of the viral genome.…”

Section: Repurposed Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Clinical Insight on New Discovered Molecules and Repurposed Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19

Banerjee¹,

Banerjee²,

Singh³

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began churning out incredulous terror in December 2019. Within several months from its first detection in Wuhan, SARS-CoV-2 spread to the rest of the world through droplet infection, making it a pandemic situation and a healthcare emergency across the globe. The available treatment of COVID-19 was only symptomatic as the disease was new and no approved drug or vaccine was available. Another challenge with COVID-19 was the continuous mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Some repurposed drugs, such as hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, and remdesivir, received emergency use authorization in various countries, but their clinical use is compromised with either severe and fatal adverse effects or nonavailability of sufficient clinical data. Molnupiravir was the first molecule approved for the treatment of COVID-19, followed by Paxlovid™, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), and others. New molecules have variable therapeutic efficacy against different variants or strains of SARS-CoV-2, which require further investigations. The aim of this review is to provide in-depth information on new molecules and repurposed drugs with emphasis on their general description, mechanism of action (MOA), correlates of protection, dose and dosage form, route of administration, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and marketing authorizations.

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“…[9] More than 90 antivirals have been approved thus far, including 40 against HIV. [10] Designing new antivirals should take into account a possible mode of action. An obvious target enzyme is the viral polymerase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A ProTide of AZT Shows Activity Against Human Papillomaviruses

Gniech,

Humboldt,

Keith

et al. 2024

ChemMedChem

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Infection by human papillomaviruses (HPV) can cause warts and tumors. So far, no small molecule antiviral has been approved for the treatment of infections with this DNA virus, although preclinical studies show activity for nucleosidic compounds, such as 9‐(2‐phosphonylmethoxy)ethylguanine (PMEG) or cidofovir. This prompted us to test new prodrug versions of the nucleoside analog 3’‐azido‐2’,3’‐dideoxythymidine (AZT), known to be active against reverse transcriptases and approved for the treatment of HIV. Here we report the synthesis of an ethylbutyl alaninyl ester phosphosphoramidate prodrug of AZT, dubbed AZAEB, and its activity against HPV, a target not known to be sensitive to AZT. A methyl ester derivative was found to be inactive against this and three other DNA viruses, while the phosphoramidate prodrug AZAEB showed a modest inhibitory effect against HPV types 6, 11, 18 and 31. Our results open up new avenues of study for the treatment of diseases caused by members of the papillomaviridae family.

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Progression of Antiviral Agents Targeting Viral Polymerases

Cited by 21 publications

References 156 publications

Current Landscape of Methods to Evaluate Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Extracts

Current Landscape of Methods to Evaluate Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Extracts

A Clinical Insight on New Discovered Molecules and Repurposed Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19

A ProTide of AZT Shows Activity Against Human Papillomaviruses

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