Progression of borderline abnormalities on cervical smear testing.

Abstract

sampling error (probably the most important single cause of lack of correlation between histological and cytological findings). Negative results ofsmear tests in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III have also been attributed to sampling error. We believe that the argument of progression and sampling error also applies to many cases of mild dyskaryosis in which biopsy specimens taken after some follow up period or at the time of the smear test show cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III.

Human papillomavirus infection with particular reference to genital disease

“…Immunosuppressed patients are prone to develop multiple and intractable warts and are at increased risk of developing anogenital dysplasia. [23][24][25][26] The regression of genital warts is characterised by a localised delayed type hypersensitivity response with a pronounced increase in CD4 T lymphocytes and macrophages. 27 Various cytokines are secreted, with interleukin (IL)-12 being present in very high levels which may have a direct antiviral eVect in addition to inducing further activation of T cells and natural killer cells (Coleman N, personal communication).…”

Local expression of TAP-1 and MHC-I molecules and their relationship in condyloma acuminatum

“…HPV undergoes a period of clinical latency but frequently reappears, especially in women seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus and complete eradication of HPV is rare, possibly because of a defect in the host cell‐mediated immune response. Immunosuppressed patients are prone to develop multiple and intractable warts, and are at increased risk of developing anogenital dysplasia 1–4 …”