Progressive mixing of meteoritic veneer into the early Earth’s deep mantle

Maier, Wolfgang D.; Barnes, Stephen J.; Campbell, Ian H.; Fiorentini, Marco L.; Peltonen, P.; Barnes, Sarah‐Jane; Smithies, R. Hugh

doi:10.1038/nature08205

Cited by 156 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In detail, there is a similarity in HSE abundances and patterns with some of the oldest 3.4-3.5 Ga komatiite samples, from Barberton and Pilbara (Maier et al, 2009). The unfractionated HSE patterns of Isua ultramafics is a key feature when using these samples to estimate the HSE composition of the Isua mantle source.…”

Section: Highly Siderophile Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only komatiites older than 3.3 Ga, for which an HSE-poor mantle source has been proposed (e.g. Maier et al, 2009;Puchtel et al, 2009;Connolly et al, 2011) fall within the Isua range for HSE ratios and concentrations. Thus, these data provide persuasive evidence that the Isua mantle source was significantly HSE-poor, probably between 50 and 65% of modern BSE.…”

Section: A Partial Late Veneer In the Isua Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly siderophile element and 182 W evidence for a partial late veneer in the source of 3.8 Ga rocks from Isua, Greenland

Dale

Kruijer

Burton

2017

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. was added. In this case, the Isua source can represent ambient mantle after the giant moonforming impact, into which only a part of Earth's full late veneer was mixed, rather than an isotopically distinct mantle domain produced by early differentiation, which would probably require survival through the giant Moon-forming impact.3

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Section: Highly Siderophile Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Partial Late Veneer In the Isua Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Highly siderophile element and 182 W evidence for a partial late veneer in the source of 3.8 Ga rocks from Isua, Greenland

Dale

Kruijer

Burton

2017

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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“…Some recent models for Moon formation [66] do not require complete global melting, and may not even permit it, so this is not necessarily a problem for giant impact models. A second major ramification of these observations is that, if the interpretations of Willbold et al [48] and Maier et al [51] for slow mixing of late accreted materials into the mantle are correct, they lend considerable support to the late accretion hypothesis. They also provide an indication that the upper mantle remained poorly mixed with respect to siderophile elements for tens to hundreds of millions of years after the Moon-forming event.…”

Section: Ramifications Of Existing Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, consistent with the hypothesis of [48], several other studies have provided elemental evidence for the poorly mixed state of late accreted materials in early Earth history. For example, based on gradually increasing concentrations of Pt, estimated for the parental melts of 3.6-2.9 Ga komatiites, Maier et al [51] argued for slow, progressive downward mixing of a HSE-rich late veneer into deep mantle source regions of the komatiites. Touboul et al [50] reported similar, uniform approximately 15 ± 5 ppm positive 182 W anomalies in the 2.8 Ga Kostomuksha komatiites (Russian, Karelia) (figure 2).…”

Section: The Origin Of Siderophile Elements In the Terrestrial Mantlementioning

confidence: 99%

Siderophile element constraints on the origin of the Moon

Walker

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Discovery of small enrichments in 182 W/ 184 W in some Archaean rocks, relative to modern mantle, suggests both exogeneous and endogenous modifications to highly siderophile element (HSE) and moderately siderophile element abundances in the terrestrial mantle. Collectively, these isotopic enrichments suggest the formation of chemically fractionated reservoirs in the terrestrial mantle that survived the putative Moon-forming giant impact, and also provide support for the late accretion hypothesis. The lunar mantle sources of volcanic glasses and basalts were depleted in HSEs relative to the terrestrial mantle by at least a factor of 20. The most likely explanations for the disparity between the Earth and Moon are either that the Moon received a disproportionately lower share of late accreted materials than the Earth, such as may have resulted from stochastic late accretion, or the major phase of late accretion occurred prior to the Moon-forming event, and the putative giant impact led to little drawdown of HSEs to the Earth's core. High precision determination of the 182 W isotopic composition of the Moon can help to resolve this issue.

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“…To avoid this controversy a new hypothesis was introduced. According to this hypothesis, PGEs, as well as gold and other siderophile elements, numerous ore deposits of which are well known around the world, were added to the Earth not at the time of accretion, but later, after the Earth's core separation (e.g., [79] [83]) known as the "late veneer" (e.g., [83] [84] [85]) and caused by meteorite bombardment during 4.5 -3.8 Ga [85] or late heavy bombardment at 3.9 -3.8 Ga [82], including accretion of asteroids and comets [84]. The authors [84] estimated amount of extraterrestrial bodies struck the Earth after core formation at (0.7 -2.7) × 10 22 kg.…”

Section: The "Late Veneer" Hypothesis Of Pges Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration of Platinum Group Elements during the Early Earth Evolution: A Review*

Pilchin¹,

Eppelbaum²

2017

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Numerous unique geological processes [1] took place during the early Earth evolution; several of them, especially those occurring in the Hadean-Early Archean and later, are reflected in the modern geological (geophysical, geochemical, etc.) pattern. One such significant enigmatic feature is the preservation of extremely dense and heavy platinum group elements (PGEs): Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir, Os. Concentration of PGEs during this period could have taken place in two ways: 1) presence of particular matter capable of preserving PGEs near the earth's surface, 2) transportation of PGEs by magma flows from deep lithospheric (asthenospheric) layers (slabs) to the subsurface. Clearly, much of the dense and heavy PGEs did not sink through to the Earth's mantle (core) at the time of the magma-ocean, and occur near Earth's surface in abundances for formation of ore deposits with PGE concentrations found to be 2 -3 orders of magnitude greater than those in their host media. Their enrichments are associated in numerous cases with such enigmatic phenomena as formation of anorthosites and anorthosite-bearing layered magmatic intrusions. PGE deposits and mineralization zones are also found in associations with chromitites, dunites and serpentinites. In this review, problems related to the initial concentration and preservation of PGEs, their association with anorthosites, and formation of layered intrusions are discussed in detail. The main aim of this article is analysis of the requirements-initial concentration and preservation of PGE and PGM (Platinum Group Minerals) during the early Earth evolution, as well as examination of the distribution behavior of some PGEs in different ore deposits and meteorites. It is supposed that meteoritic bombardment of Earth has played a significant role in formation of PGEs deposits. Some conclusions made in this article may be useful for developing and enhancing strategies of prospecting for PGEs deposits.

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Progressive mixing of meteoritic veneer into the early Earth’s deep mantle

Cited by 156 publications

References 26 publications

Highly siderophile element and 182 W evidence for a partial late veneer in the source of 3.8 Ga rocks from Isua, Greenland

Highly siderophile element and 182 W evidence for a partial late veneer in the source of 3.8 Ga rocks from Isua, Greenland

Siderophile element constraints on the origin of the Moon

Concentration of Platinum Group Elements during the Early Earth Evolution: A Review*

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