Progressive Relaxation

Jacobson, Edmund

doi:10.1097/00000441-193811000-00037

Cited by 238 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…'Relaxation' comprised applied relaxation (Ost, 1988) and progressive muscle relaxation (Jacobson, 1938). 'Non-face-to-face therapies' include treatments conducted through the Internet, computers or self-help books, which were mostly based on CBT.…”

Section: Selection Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of treatments for anxiety disorders

Bandelow¹,

Reitt²,

Röver

et al. 2015

International Clinical Psychopharmacology

473

330

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To our knowledge, no previous meta-analysis has attempted to compare the efficacy of pharmacological, psychological and combined treatments for the three main anxiety disorders (panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and social phobia). Pre-post and treated versus control effect sizes (ES) were calculated for all evaluable randomized-controlled studies (n = 234), involving 37,333 patients. Medications were associated with a significantly higher average pre-post ES [Cohen's d = 2.02 (1.90-2.15); 28,051 patients] than psychotherapies [1.22 (1.14-1.30); 6992 patients; P < 0.0001]. ES were 2.25 for serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (n = 23 study arms), 2.15 for benzodiazepines (n = 42), 2.09 for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (n = 62) and 1.83 for tricyclic antidepressants (n = 15). ES for psychotherapies were mindfulness therapies, 1.56 (n = 4); relaxation, 1.36 (n = 17); individual cognitive behavioural/exposure therapy (CBT), 1.30 (n = 93); group CBT, 1.22 (n = 18); psychodynamic therapy 1.17 (n = 5); therapies without face-to-face contact (e.g. Internet therapies), 1.11 (n = 34); eye movement desensitization reprocessing, 1.03 (n = 3); and interpersonal therapy 0.78 (n = 4). The ES was 2.12 (n = 16) for CBT/drug combinations. Exercise had an ES of 1.23 (n = 3). For control groups, ES were 1.29 for placebo pills (n = 111), 0.83 for psychological placebos (n = 16) and 0.20 for waitlists (n = 50). In direct comparisons with control groups, all investigated drugs, except for citalopram, opipramol and moclobemide, were significantly more effective than placebo. Individual CBT was more effective than waiting list, psychological placebo and pill placebo. When looking at the average pre-post ES, medications were more effective than psychotherapies. Pre-post ES for psychotherapies did not differ from pill placebos; this finding cannot be explained by heterogeneity, publication bias or allegiance effects. However, the decision on whether to choose psychotherapy, medications or a combination of the two should be left to the patient as drugs may have side effects, interactions and contraindications.

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Section: Selection Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of treatments for anxiety disorders

Bandelow¹,

Reitt²,

Röver

et al. 2015

International Clinical Psychopharmacology

473

330

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…During the training, participants were educated about these mechanisms and learned to challenge irrational ideas. Finally, the relaxation component included breathing exercises and relaxation according to Jacobson [43] . In Jacobson's relaxation The physical activity training included 24 sessions of 70 min within an 18-week period; the first 12 weeks weekly and the last 6 weeks twice a week.…”

Section: The Training Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological and Physical Activity Training for Older Persons: Who Does Not Attend?

Heuvelen¹,

Hochstenbach²,

Brouwer

et al. 2006

Gerontology

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Background: Interventions to promote successful aging include psychological and physical activity programs. Identification of determinants of attendance of older persons may be useful to develop strategies to improve attendance. For physical activity programs determinants of attendance have been investigated extensively. For psychological programs hardly any knowledge is available. Determinants of attendance at psychological and physical activity programs have never been investigated simultaneously. Objective: To identify demographic, physical and psychological determinants of attendance of older subjects following multifaceted psychological training – aimed at promoting active social participation – and physical activity training and to compare the variation of these determinants between the two training programs. Method: 118 subjects aged 65–92 years were randomized over psychological and physical activity training. Determinants of attendance were obtained at pretest with questionnaires and performance-based tests. Results: Mean attendance was 62%. Attendance was not related to type of program. Having chronic diseases facilitated attendance in the psychological training group and limited attendance in the physical activity training group. Low and high levels of Activities of Daily Living performance (ADLs) and walking endurance were related to a high attendance in the psychological training group. A low level of activities of daily living (ADL) and a low walking endurance were related to a low attendance in the physical activity training group. For both training groups, persons living with a partner had higher attendance rates than persons living alone, and persons with a low level of anxiety had higher attendance rates than persons with a moderate or a high level of anxiety. Conclusion: Psychological training may be more suitable for frail older persons with chronic diseases, low ADL levels and low walking endurance than physical activity training, and may help to prepare such persons for physical activity.

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“…It has previously shown to be effective in reducing stress and anxiety symptoms in non-clinical populations (Agee et al, 2009;Francesco et al, 2010). The relaxation treatment model is based on the fact that stressors elicit startle responses including muscle tension and in prolonged exposure to stressors, muscle tension develops into chronic tension and physiological hyperactivity (Barlow et al, 2007;E. Jacobson, 1938).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of therapist support and treatment presentation on the clinical outcomes of an Internet based applied relaxation program

Alfonsson

Olsson

Hursti

2015

Internet Interventions

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Symptoms of stress are common in the general population and associated with health risks and economic costs. Applied relaxation training has shown to be effective for reducing stress and worry both as a self-help treatment and as an internet-based intervention with therapist support. However, what factors may affect the outcome of internet based relaxation training is unclear. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effect of a brief internet based relaxation program for people with symptoms of stress or worry and to assess whether enhancing the quality of intervention presentation or therapist support had an impact on outcomes. Participants were randomized in a full factorial design to either Normal or Enhanced treatment Presentation and either Normal or Enhanced therapist Support in a four-week online program with applied relaxation. The main outcome measures were self-report instruments of stress and worry. A total of 162 participants were included in the study and 94 and 84 participants completed the post and followup measurements respectively. Participants in all conditions improved significantly on the main outcome measures, and the different levels of Presentation or therapist Support did not significantly affect treatment outcome. Registered number of completed exercises was a predictor of better treatment outcome, but this effect was independent of treatment condition. Enhancing internet based interventions by improving presentations and the quality of support may thus not be the best way to further improve the effect of internet based interventions. More specific knowledge of the mechanisms that affect outcomes in online psychotherapy is needed.

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Progressive Relaxation

Cited by 238 publications

References 0 publications

Efficacy of treatments for anxiety disorders

Efficacy of treatments for anxiety disorders

Psychological and Physical Activity Training for Older Persons: Who Does Not Attend?

The effects of therapist support and treatment presentation on the clinical outcomes of an Internet based applied relaxation program

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