“…With the advancement in deep learning, learning-based TMOs are become more advantageous, especially in challenging cases. Within the learning-based category, methods can be further divided into supervised [7,49,32,47,6,26,59,42,48,51,12,61,44,38,33,25,22], semi-supervised [52], and unsupervised [57,27,16,60,46,37,23], depending on whether groundtruth is provided during training. In general, most supervised TMOs outperform semi-supervised and unsupervised TMOs, while the latter requires fewer paired training samples and thus can be easily implemented in a wide range of applications.…”