Progressive Vaccinia with Normal Antibodies

O'Connell, Cornelius J.

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-282

Cited by 88 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The vaccinia IgG ELISA procedure described previously was modified from Iaccono et al [25, 26]. Briefly, plates were coated with vaccinia antigen or negative (mock-infected) cell culture lysate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral Immunity to Primary Smallpox Vaccination: Impact of Childhood versus Adult Immunization on Vaccinia Vector Vaccine Development in Military Populations

et al. 2017

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Modified Vaccinia virus has been shown to be a safe and immunogenic vector platform for delivery of HIV vaccines. Use of this vector is of particular importance to the military, with the implementation of a large scale smallpox vaccination campaign in 2002 in active duty and key civilian personnel in response to potential bioterrorist activities. Humoral immunity to smallpox vaccination was previously shown to be long lasting (up to 75 years) and protective. However, using vaccinia-vectored vaccine delivery for other diseases on a background of anti-vector antibodies (i.e. pre-existing immunity) may limit their use as a vaccine platform, especially in the military. In this pilot study, we examined the durability of vaccinia antibody responses in adult primary vaccinees in a healthy military population using a standard ELISA assay and a novel dendritic cell neutralization assay. We found binding and neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses to vaccinia waned after 5–10 years in a group of 475 active duty military, born after 1972, who were vaccinated as adults with Dryvax®. These responses decreased from a geometric mean titer (GMT) of 250 to baseline (<20) after 10–20 years post vaccination. This contrasted with a comparator group of adults, ages 35–49, who were vaccinated with Dryvax® as children. In the childhood vaccinees, titers persisted for >30 years with a GMT of 210 (range 112–3234). This data suggests limited durability of antibody responses in adult vaccinees compared to those vaccinated in childhood and further that adult vaccinia recipients may benefit similarly from receipt of a vaccinia based vaccine as those who are vaccinia naïve. Our findings may have implications for the smallpox vaccination schedule and support the ongoing development of this promising viral vector in a military vaccination program.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral Immunity to Primary Smallpox Vaccination: Impact of Childhood versus Adult Immunization on Vaccinia Vector Vaccine Development in Military Populations

et al. 2017

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“…B-cell responses to VACV infection are evident based on the presence of VACV-specific circulating antibodies after vaccination. Children with agammaglobulinemia, with few exceptions (342), are fully protected from smallpox post vaccination, suggesting a more important role for T cell responses (485,546). Furthermore, children exhibiting T-cell defects associated with thymic lymphopenia or Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), develop major complications like giant cell pneumonia and encephalitis post VACV infection (140,233,375).…”

Section: Wasp: a Potential Effector Of Vaccinia Virus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of CCR5 in vaccinia virus pathogenesis

Rahbar

Fish

2009

Cytokine

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Viral appropriation of chemokine receptors is an effective way to prevent a host immune response against the invading virus. Many viruses, including poxviruses, subvert the host immune response by encoding several chemokine receptor homologues, capable of binding to and thereby precluding chemokines from activating their cognate cell surface receptors. All poxviruses employ strategies to modulate chemokine activity, including virus-encoded chemokine-binding proteins, receptor homologues and ligand mimics. The potential for the involvement of certain chemokine receptors in poxviral infection was suggested in studies utilizing the rabbit poxvirus, myxoma. Specifically, CCR5 was implicated in mediating cell target susceptibility to infection. Our data suggest virus-CCR5 interactions may lead to the selective activation of distinct signaling pathways that are advantageous for the virus.VACV, a member of the poxvirus family, produces two structurally distinct forms of virions, the intracellular mature virus (IMV) and the extracellular enveloped virus (EEV), for which the immediate events following cell entry are illiii defined. Using confocal microscopy, we provided evidence that IMV and EEV enter both permissive and non-permissive cells, and that introduction of CCR5 into non-permissive cells -mouse fibroblasts and human PM1 T cells -renders them permissive for VACV replication. We showed that virus activation of CCR5 leads to the selective activation of distinct signaling pathways that are advantageous for the virus. We demonstrated that VACV infection in permissive cells is inhibited by siRNA knockdown of cell surface

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“…Certain patients with immunodeficiency states have been regarded as good candidates for TF therapy, and these cases presently provide the most convincing evidence of the therapeutic value of TF. About 50% of patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis have shown a degree of response to TF treatment [25][26][27][28], and improved immune status has also been reported in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome [29,30], ataxia telangiectasia [29], chronic coccidioidomycosis [31,32], and generalized viral infections [33][34][35].…”

Section: Therapy Of Immunodeficiency States and Infections With Trans...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer factor: A potential agent for immunotherapy of cancer

Meier

LoBuglio

1977

World j. surg.

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Transfer factor (TF) is an extract from human leukocytes which has been shown to transfer specific skin test reactivity to previously nonreactive human recipients, and to produce measurable increases in in Vitro tests of lymphocyte activity. The results of the experimental use of TF as an immunotherapeutic agent for cancer are reviewed. TF therapy has been associated with tumor regression, temporary stabilization or reduced need for other treatment modalities in several reported cancer patients, and may have value as an adjuvant therapy in certain malignancies. However, most of the reports involve uncontrolled studies, and no agreement exists about the definition of TF donors. Controlled studies and the use of well characterized TF donors are essential before any conclusions can be drawn about the value of TF in the therapy of cancer and other diseases.

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Progressive Vaccinia with Normal Antibodies

Cited by 88 publications

References 16 publications

Humoral Immunity to Primary Smallpox Vaccination: Impact of Childhood versus Adult Immunization on Vaccinia Vector Vaccine Development in Military Populations

Humoral Immunity to Primary Smallpox Vaccination: Impact of Childhood versus Adult Immunization on Vaccinia Vector Vaccine Development in Military Populations

The role of CCR5 in vaccinia virus pathogenesis

Transfer factor: A potential agent for immunotherapy of cancer

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