Proinflammatory cytokines in Egyptian elderly with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Abstract

Background:The pulmonary component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. The airflow limitation is usually progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung to noxious particles or gases.Hypothesis:The levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP), in elderly patients suffering from COPD are increased.Settings and Design:A case control study involving 90 elderly participants from the outpatient clinics of Ain Shams University hospitals.Materials and Methods:The 90 subjects were subdivided into three equal groups ’ group I (control), group II (patients with COPD), and group III (patients with COPD and cardiovascular complications). Comprehensive clinical assessment, pulmonary functions, and echocardiography were performed. The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and CRP were measured in the patients’ serum and compared.Statistical analysis:SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 10.Results:IL1-βand CRP were significantly higher in the third group than the first group (P <0.05). There was a similar significant difference between the second and third group as regards IL1-βand CRP (P < 0.05). Positive significant correlation between CRP and TNF-α with stage of COPD according to FEV1 (P <0.05) were found.Conclusions:Complicated cases of COPD had higher levels of IL1-β and CRP and the more severe the cases, the higher the levels of CRPand TNF-α.

Association between C-reactive Protein Concentration and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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FIGURE 2: Meta-analysis of 17 studies that investigated the association between serum C-reactive protein concentration and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 11–27 CI, confidence interval

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The Effect of Diaphragmatic Breathing versus Pursed-Lips Breathing on Pulmonary Functions among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

“… The prescribed medication was administered (Bronchodilators and/or Expectorants), and a cup of warm fluid was given if needed (8) .…”

“…In 2005, three million deaths due to the disease were reported, and the WHO predicts that, by the year 2030, COPD will become the third leading cause of death (6,7) . Alexandria Main University Hospital, statistical reports showed that, 1645 patients were admitted to the Medical Chest Disease Department throughout the year of 2010, and COPD patients represented about one fifth of total admission rate (293 male and 72 female) (8,9) . Cigarette smoke has several direct effects on the respiratory tract, its irritating effects can cause hyperplasia of the cells including goblet cells which subsequently results in increased production of mucus and hyperplasia which reduces airway diameter and increases the difficulty in cleaning secretions.…”

Pathogenic Mechanisms in Emphysema: From Protease Anti-Protease Imbalance to Apoptosis

“…In contrast, there were no difference in TNF-and its antagonists in COPD patients compared with controls. A case control trial in Egyptian subjects over 60 years compared 3 groups of 30 subjects matched by age and sex, consisting of healthy subjects, COPD without any comorbidities, and COPD with cardiovascular disease but no other comorbidities (Amer, M.S., et al, 2010). There was no significant difference in the serum levels of IL-1 , TNF-, or C reactive protein (CRP) between the control subjects and the COPD subjects with no cardiac disease.…”