Proinflammatory mediators and their associations with medication and comorbid traits in children and adults with ADHD

Liu, Yang; Stiernborg, Miranda; Skott, Elin; Söderström, Åsa; Giacobini, MaiBritt; Lavebratt, Catharina

doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.10.005

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Furthermore, recent evidence suggested a possible role of immune dysregulation in the etiopathogenesis of depression [13][14][15][16]. Accordingly, it has been well documented that individual affected with autoimmune disorders (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, diabetes mellitus, chronic inflammatory bowel disease, and autoimmune thyroiditis) are more likely to display comorbid depressive symptomatology [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Likewise, depression is often associated with other conditions where an increased inflammatory state has been documented, such as in cardiovascular diseases, obesity, smoking status, and specific nutritional deficits [24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C-Reactive Protein as a Biomarker for Major Depressive Disorder?

Orsolini

Pompili

Valenta

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The etiopathogenesis of depression is not entirely understood. Several studies have investigated the role of inflammation in major depressive disorder. The present work aims to review the literature on the association between C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and depression. A systematic review was performed for the topics of ‘CRP’ and ‘depression’ using the PubMed database from inception to December 2021. Fifty-six studies were identified and included in the review. Evidence suggested the presence of dysregulation in the inflammation system in individuals with depression. In most studies, higher blood CRP levels were associated with greater symptom severity, a specific pattern of depressive symptoms, and a worse response to treatment. Moreover, about one-third of depressed patients showed a low-grade inflammatory state, suggesting the presence of a different major depressive disorder (MDD) subgroup with a distinct etiopathogenesis, clinical course, treatment response, and prognosis, which could benefit from monitoring of CRP levels and might potentially respond to anti-inflammatory treatments. This work provides robust evidence about the potential role of CRP and its blood levels in depressive disorders. These findings can be relevant to developing new therapeutic strategies and better understanding if CRP may be considered a valuable biomarker for depression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C-Reactive Protein as a Biomarker for Major Depressive Disorder?

Orsolini

Pompili

Valenta

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Likewise, our study showed that allergies were approximately two-fold more common compared to matched controls. Although causal mechanisms remain unknown, this may further support the theory of a shared etiology, linking an increase in proinflammatory biochemical mechanisms to physical comorbidities as well as brain circuits associated with emotional and behavior control in patients with ADHD [ 13 ]. These psychiatric symptoms have been reported to present more severely with the co-occurrence of ADHD and other psychiatric disorders [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…While Kooij et al only focused on central nervous system (CNS)-related conditions, other studies have investigated the association between ADHD and physical disorders such as inflammation, allergic diseases [ 13 , 36 ], obesity, T2DM, and hypertension [ 10 , 37 ]. For example, Wang et al reported a significant association between ADHD risk and the presence of rhinitis and eczema symptoms among children [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could potentially indicate a sizable proportion of undiagnosed and consequently untreated ADHD patients in Japan. Several studies have reported that diagnosed adult ADHD patients have high rates of comorbidities associated with psychiatric diseases, including depression and generalized anxiety disorder, and somatic diseases, including allergic diseases, obesity, and metabolic disorders, and are suffering from the disease burden of ADHD [10][11][12][13]. However, the burden of adults with ADHD symptoms without formal ADHD diagnosis has not been clarified yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Burden of Undiagnosed Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Naya¹,

Tsuji²,

Nishigaki³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Background Symptoms experienced by adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently result in functional impairment across academic/occupational functioning, daily life, and social functioning. A substantial proportion of undiagnosed and untreated ADHD has been suggested in Japan. This study aims to better understand the potential undiagnosed ADHD population in Japan by quantifying the burden associated with ADHD symptoms through a comparison of the prevalence of comorbidities, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), work productivity and activity impairment (WPAI), and healthcare resource utilization (HRU) between undiagnosed potential ADHD respondents who were screened positive and negative using Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS)-v1.1. Methodology Respondents from Japan National Health and Wellness Survey 2016 who answered ASRS-v1.1 without an ADHD diagnosis were included. Respondents checking ≥4 items from ASRS-A and ≥9 from ASRS-A+B were classified as ASRS A+ (n = 309) and ASRS AB+ (n = 227), respectively. ASRS negative (n = 9,280) were respondents who were neither ASRS A+ nor ASRS AB+. Data on the presence of comorbidities, HRQoL, WPAI, and HRU were compared. Results ASRS A+ and ASRS AB+ respondents reported higher coexistence of mental comorbidities (depression, generalized anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, etc.), sleep problems (insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, etc.), and physical comorbidities (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, allergy, and asthma). They also reported greater WPAI and HRU and lower HRQoL than matched ASRS-negative respondents. Conclusions A significantly higher burden was identified among undiagnosed adults with potential ADHD symptoms. Appropriate diagnosis may help those at risk or those who present with symptoms overlapping with ADHD.

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“…In addition, NKI-RS constitutes a community sample, which includes very few cases of clinical ADHD (only 50 cases, or 4.6% of the sample) with even fewer of these in the older-adult range (10 cases, or 1% of the sample). It is possible that only individuals with very severe symptoms of ADHD experience significant vascular burden, potentially due to chronic stimulant medication use 84 , poor dietary and exercise habits 85 , or increased vascular inflammatory reactivity 86 , and adults over age 50 may be especially susceptible 74 . Our sample may have been underpowered to detect these effects due to few older adults with severe ADHD symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of vascular risk factors to the relationship between ADHD symptoms and cognition in adults and seniors

Callahan

Plamondon

Gill

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood have been found to be predictive of compromised cognitive function, and possibly even dementia, in later adulthood. This study aimed to test vascular risk as a hypothesized moderator or mediator of this association, because individuals with elevated ADHD symptoms frequently have comorbid vascular disease or risk factors which are recognized to contribute to later-life cognitive decline. Data from 1,092 adults aged 18–85 were drawn from the Enhanced Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample. Childhood ADHD symptoms (assessed using the Adult ADHD Clinical Diagnostic Scale) were assessed as predictors of cognitive functioning in adulthood (assessed using subtests from the University of Pennsylvania Computerized Neurocognitive Battery, the Delis-Kaplan Executive Functioning System, and the Wechsler Memory Scale). Vascular risk factors (including diabetes, tobacco use, obesity, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia) were tested as both a moderator and mediator of this relationship. Childhood ADHD symptoms and vascular risk factors were both independently associated with later-life cognition, but vascular risk was not a significant moderator or mediator of relationships between ADHD symptoms and cognition in statistical models. Results from this large community sample suggest that the relationship between ADHD symptoms and cognition is not accounted for by vascular risk. This question should also be investigated in clinical samples.

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Proinflammatory mediators and their associations with medication and comorbid traits in children and adults with ADHD

Cited by 28 publications

References 90 publications

C-Reactive Protein as a Biomarker for Major Depressive Disorder?

C-Reactive Protein as a Biomarker for Major Depressive Disorder?

The Burden of Undiagnosed Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Contribution of vascular risk factors to the relationship between ADHD symptoms and cognition in adults and seniors

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