“…We attempted to build a stronger theoretical foundation -and a wider applicationfor the concept of project capabilities by going back to Penrose (1959) and subsequent RBV and dynamic capabilities research (Brady and Davies, 2004;Davies and Hobday, 2005 (Morris, 1994 and2013;Söderlund, 2005), the project execution capabilities in developing countries (Amsden and Hikino, 1994) and multi-project management capabilities for new product development (Cusumano and Nobeoka, 1998). Unlike this work, the concept of project capabilities identifies the core knowledge that an entire category of project-based firms require to compete, grow and innovate over the long term, emphasising how learning embedded in stable routines and capabilities shapes future action and provides a source of valuable knowledge when applied repeatedly across multiple projects (Gann and Salter, 2000;Hobday, 2000;Prencipe and Tell, 2001;Whitley, 2006 (Winter, 1995;148) and that ad hoc problem solving in response to novel or unpredictable events does not constitute a capability (Winter, 2003).…”