Project Salt Vault: A Demonstration of the Disposal of High-Activity Solidified Wastes in Underground Salt Mines.

Bradshaw, R.L.; McClain, W.C.

doi:10.2172/4052488

Cited by 57 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…The initial United States repository design study was Project Salt Vault in Lyons, Kansas (Bradshaw and McClain, 1971;Chevtjrton and Turner, 1972). Experiments and design studies in the 305-m (1000-ft) deep beddect salt reposi tory were conducted for reprocessed HLW storage.…”

Section: Mined Repository Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Waste package corrosion from brine accumulation has been a major isola tion concern in salt media, especially bedded salt. This phenomenon has been studied in Project Salt Vault in bedded salt (Bradshaw and Mcclain, 1971), in the Asse salt mine experiment in a salt anticline (Rothfuchs and Durr, 1980), in the Avery Island salt mine experiment in domed salt (Krause et al, 1980), and in Sanaia's salt block experiment with samples from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) site {Hohlfelder and Hadley, 1979).…”

Section: Brine Migration and The Canister Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The n.oc ;ling results incorporate the fluid migration of brine inclusions r but not the ^apor-phase transport and the entrapment of fluid in crystal grain boundaries. It was observed that more than 90% of the brine in Project Salt Vault and 40^ of the brine in the salt block experiment were released after the heater w f -s shut down-i.e., when the thermal stresses were released upon cooling, the trapped water in the salt was allowed to break free (Bradshaw andMcClain, 1971 Hohlfelaer andHadley, 1979). If these observations can be extenoea to r-pository operation conditions, the entrapment of brine will delay the inf.…”

Section: Brine Migration and The Canister Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Project Salt Vault (Bradshaw and McClain, 1971), the results of model pillar tests of rock salt from the Lyons mine were fitted with an analy tic formula called Lomenick's formula (see Appendix, Section A.2). It has been used in the NWTS conceptual designs for domed and bedded salt (Kaiser Engineers, 1978a,b;Stearns-Roger Engineering Co., 1979) and in the NWTS con ceptual reference repository description (Bechtel, 1981).…”

Section: Reduction Of Strain For Room Convergence In Saltmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lomenick's formula, deduced from creep studies in Project Salt Vault (Bradshaw and McClain, 1971}, was trequently used in repository designs for salt as a plastic rock medium. In SI units the formula is 9.5 3.0 0.3 E = CT 0 t where E = cumulative strain, m/m, T = T am hi en t + ^T' absolute temperature, K, o = average pillar stress, Pa, t = time, s, C = 3.4 E-50.…”

Section: A2 Near-field Formulasmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Thermal impact of waste emplacement and surface cooling associated with geologic disposal of nuclear waste

Wang

1982

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Section: Mined Repository Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brine Migration and The Canister Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brine Migration and The Canister Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reduction Of Strain For Room Convergence In Saltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A2 Near-field Formulasmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Thermal impact of waste emplacement and surface cooling associated with geologic disposal of nuclear waste

Wang

1982

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Korrosion des Hastelloy C 4 und anderer metallischer Werkstoffe in heißen, konzentrierten Salzlaugen

Gassen

Heusler

1987

Materials & Corrosion

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In einer bei 55°C gedttigten quaternken Salzlcisung aus Magnesiumchlorid, Kaliumchlorid und Natriumchlorid wurden bei Temperaturen zwischen 100 "C und 200 "C Stromspannungskurven an verschiedenen Werkstoffen zur Ermittlung des Korrosionsverhaltens gemessea. Wnlegierter Stahl, Ferrosilizium und Nickel korrodieren im aktiven Zustand. Die Korrosionsstromdichte eincs unlegicrten Stahls war etwa 20 pNcmz bei 100"C, entsprechend einer Abtraggeschwindigkeit von etwa 0,2 d a . Ferrosilizium und Nickel korrodieren mit Geschwindigkeiten von einigen @cm2 deutlich langsamer. Die stationiiren Korrosionsgeschwindigkeiten von passivem Hastelloy C 4 und Titan siod bei 100°C nur 10 d c m ' und unter 4,s nA/cm2. Die Loch-fraSanfillligkeit dieser beiden Werkstoffe nimmt mit der Temperatur und mit der Chloridkonzentration zu. Die stationiire Korrosionsgeschwindigkcit des passiven Hastelloy C 4 h h g t von der Tempcratur entsprechend einer Aktiviemgsenthalpie von 85 kJ/mol ab und erreicht bei 200°C rund 5 pNcm'.Stationbe Zusthde stcllcn sich auch bei hohen Temperaturen erst nach etwa einem Tag cin. Das kritische Lochfra8potcntial niihert sich dem Korrosionspotential in sauerstofffreier Ldsung mit etwa 0,8 mV/ K und lie@ bei 200°C nur noch mod ,W mV uber dem Korrosionspotential. In Gegenwart von Sauerstoff oder anderer oxidierender Stoffe in der b u n g ist Hastelloy C4 also our verwendbar, wenn a kathodisch geschatzt wird.In a quaternary salt brine saturated at 55°C with magnesium chloride, potassium chloride and sodium chloride, polarization curves were measured in the temperature range from 100°C to 200°C at different materials in order to study their corrosion behaviour. Steels and nickel corrode in the active state. The corrosion current density of an unalloyed steel at 100°C was about 20 CrA/cm' corresponding to a removal rate of 0.2 m d a . Iron-silicon and nickel corrode significantly slower at a rate of a few CrA/cm' . Steady state corrosion rates of Hastelloy C 4 and of titanium at 100°C are 10 nA/cm' and less than 4.5 nA/ cm' , respectively. For both materials, the susceptibility to pitting grows with the temperature and with the chloride concentration.The steady state corrosion rates of passive Hastelloy C 4 depend on temperature according to an activation enthalpy of 85 kJ/mol and become about 5 pA/cm' at 200°C. Even at high temperatures steady states are attained rather slowly within about one day. The critical pitting potentials approach the corrosion potentials in deaerated solution at a rate of about 0.8 mVK. At 200°C the critical pitting potential is only 90 mV positive to the corrosion potential. Thus, HasteUoyC4 may be used at high temperatures, only if it is cathodically protected.

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Corrosion and passivity of Hastelloy C4 in a high salinity brine

Thies

Schultze

1996

Materials & Corrosion

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Corrosion and passivity of Hastelloy C4 in Q‐brine, a magnesium chloride rich brine of pH 4.5 at room temperature, was studied by potentiodynamic (i(U) and C(U)) or potentiostatic polarisation. While the alloy rests passive at room temperature, no coherent, protecting passive layer is formed at temperatures above 60°C and potentials exceeding 0.2 V SHE. XPS analysis shows that at the rest potential and temperatures below 110°C, the oxide layer is about 1 nm thick and composed of chromium and molybdenum oxides without incorporation of Mg2+ or Cl− from the electrolyte. At 200°C, its thickness increases 20 nm after 4 days and Mg+ inclusions are found. Across the weld, Scanning Reference Electrode measurements in dilute NaCl showed a homogeneous potential distribution indicating that bulk material, heat affected zone and weld have the same electrochemical properties.

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Project Salt Vault: A Demonstration of the Disposal of High-Activity Solidified Wastes in Underground Salt Mines.

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Thermal impact of waste emplacement and surface cooling associated with geologic disposal of nuclear waste

Thermal impact of waste emplacement and surface cooling associated with geologic disposal of nuclear waste

Korrosion des Hastelloy C 4 und anderer metallischer Werkstoffe in heißen, konzentrierten Salzlaugen

Corrosion and passivity of Hastelloy C4 in a high salinity brine

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