Projections of auditory cortex upon the thalamus and Midbrain in the owl monkey

Fitzpatrick, Kathleen A.; Imig, Thomas J.

doi:10.1002/cne.901770402

Cited by 153 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Second, all three areas receive dense thalamic inputs from the principal or ventral nucleus of the medial geniculate complex (e.g., refs. [9][10][11][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. These inputs appear to be in parallel so that the ablation of one of the fields does not deactivate the others (20).…”

Section: The Core Areas Of Auditory Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subdivisions of auditory cortex and processing streams in primates

Kaas

Hackett

2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

940

889

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The auditory system of monkeys includes a large number of interconnected subcortical nuclei and cortical areas. At subcortical levels, the structural components of the auditory system of monkeys resemble those of nonprimates, but the organization at cortical levels is different. In monkeys, the ventral nucleus of the medial geniculate complex projects in parallel to a core of three primary-like auditory areas, AI, R, and RT, constituting the first stage of cortical processing. These areas interconnect and project to the homotopic and other locations in the opposite cerebral hemisphere and to a surrounding array of eight proposed belt areas as a second stage of cortical processing. The belt areas in turn project in overlapping patterns to a lateral parabelt region with at least rostral and caudal subdivisions as a third stage of cortical processing. The divisions of the parabelt distribute to adjoining auditory and multimodal regions of the temporal lobe and to four functionally distinct regions of the frontal lobe. Histochemically, chimpanzees and humans have an auditory core that closely resembles that of monkeys. The challenge for future researchers is to understand how this complex system in monkeys analyzes and utilizes auditory information.

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Section: The Core Areas Of Auditory Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subdivisions of auditory cortex and processing streams in primates

Kaas

Hackett

2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

940

889

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“…nar, have been shown to project to the auditory belt and parabelt areas (Fitzpatrick and Imig, 1978;Morel and Kaas, 1992;Pandya et al, 1994;Hackett et al, 1998b;de la Mothe et al, 2006) [also see Budinger et al (2006) for a study in the gerbil]. All of these structures are responsive to visual stimulation.…”

Section: Pathways Of Multisensory Enhancement Of Auditory Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Imaging Reveals Visual Modulation of Specific Fields in Auditory Cortex

Kayser¹,

Petkov²,

Augath³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

227

161

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Merging the information from different senses is essential for successful interaction with real-life situations. Indeed, sensory integration can reduce perceptual ambiguity, speed reactions, or change the qualitative sensory experience. It is widely held that integration occurs at later processing stages and mostly in higher association cortices; however, recent studies suggest that sensory convergence can occur in primary sensory cortex. A good model for early convergence proved to be the auditory cortex, which can be modulated by visual and tactile stimulation; however, given the large number and small size of auditory fields, neither human imaging nor microelectrode recordings have systematically identified which fields are susceptible to multisensory influences. To reconcile findings from human imaging with anatomical knowledge from nonhuman primates, we exploited high-resolution imaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging) of the macaque monkey to study the modulation of auditory processing by visual stimulation. Using a functional parcellation of auditory cortex, we localized modulations to individual fields. Our results demonstrate that both primary (core) and nonprimary (belt) auditory fields can be activated by the mere presentation of visual scenes. Audiovisual convergence was restricted to caudal fields [prominently the core field (primary auditory cortex) and belt fields (caudomedial field, caudolateral field, and mediomedial field)] and continued in the auditory parabelt and the superior temporal sulcus. The same fields exhibited enhancement of auditory activation by visual stimulation and showed stronger enhancement for less effective stimuli, two characteristics of sensory integration. Together, these findings reveal multisensory modulation of auditory processing prominently in caudal fields but also at the lowest stages of auditory cortical processing.

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“…Based on this definition, three regions of the superior temporal cortex are identified as part of auditory cortex in primates: core, belt, and parabelt. The core region, receives input mainly from the ventral division of the medial geniculate complex (MGv) Jones and Burton, 1976;Fitzpatrick and Imig, 1978;Luethke et al, 1989;Morel and Kaas, 1992;Morel et al, 1993;Pandya et al, 1994;Hashikawa et al, 1995;Molinari et al, 1995;de la Mothe et al, 2006b) and consists of three areas [auditory area 1 (A1), rostral area (R), and rostrotemporal area (RT)]. It is surrounded both medially and laterally by a belt region of eight areas [caudomedial (CM), middle medial (MM), rostromedial (RM), rostrotemporal medial (RTM), caudolateral (CL), middle lateral (ML), anterolateral (AL), and rostrotemporal lateral (RTL)] that receives input preferentially from the dorsal division of the medial geniculate complex (MGd) Morel and Kaas, 1992;Pandya et al, 1994;Molinari et al, 1995;Rauschecker et al, 1997;de la Mothe et al, 2006b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most well-established feature is that the core areas receive their main thalamic input from MGv Fitzpatrick and Imig, 1978;Luethke et al, 1989;Morel and Kaas, 1992;Morel et al, 1993;Pandya et al, 1994;Molinari et al, 1995;de la Mothe et al, 2006b), while both the belt and parabelt lack these strong MGv projections and receive their main inputs from MGd Morel and Kaas, 1992;Molinari et al, 1995;Hackett et al, 1998bHackett et al, , 2007a. Even though both regions receive a major input from MGd, one distinguishing characteristic of the parabelt region is the strong input from the medial pulvinar (PM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thalamic Connections of Auditory Cortex in Marmoset Monkeys: Lateral Belt and Parabelt Regions

Mothe

Blumell

Kajikawa

et al. 2012

The Anatomical Record

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The primate auditory cortex is comprised of a core region of three primary areas, surrounded by a belt region of secondary areas and a parabelt region lateral to the belt. The main sources of thalamocortical inputs to the auditory cortex are the medial geniculate complex (MGC), medial pulvinar (PM), and several adjoining nuclei in the posterior thalamus. The distribution of inputs varies topographically by cortical area and thalamic nucleus, but in a manner that has not been fully characterized in primates. In this study, the thalamocortical connections of the lateral belt and parabelt were determined by placing retrograde tracer injections into various areas of these regions in the marmoset monkey. Both regions received projections from the medial (MGm) and posterodorsal (MGpd) divisions of the medial geniculate complex (MGC); however, labeled cells in the anterodorsal (MGad) division were present only from injections into the caudal belt. Thalamic inputs to the lateral belt appeared to come mainly from the MGC, whereas the parabelt also received a strong projection from the PM, consistent with its position as a later stage of auditory cortical processing. The results of this study also indicate that

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Projections of auditory cortex upon the thalamus and Midbrain in the owl monkey

Cited by 153 publications

References 32 publications

Subdivisions of auditory cortex and processing streams in primates

Subdivisions of auditory cortex and processing streams in primates

Functional Imaging Reveals Visual Modulation of Specific Fields in Auditory Cortex

Thalamic Connections of Auditory Cortex in Marmoset Monkeys: Lateral Belt and Parabelt Regions

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