Projections of Mean and Extreme Precipitation Using the CMIP6 Model: A Study of the Yangtze River Basin in China

Abstract

In this study, we conducted an analysis of the CN05.1 daily precipitation observation dataset spanning from 1985 to 2014. Subsequently, we ranked the 30 global climate model datasets within the NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 dataset using the RS rank score method. Multi-model weighted-ensemble averaging was then performed based on these RS scores, followed by a revision of the multi-model weighted-ensemble averaging (rs-MME) using the quantile mapping method. The revised rs-MME model data were utilized for simulating precipitation variations within the Yangtze River Basin. We specifically selected 11 extreme-precipitation indices to comprehensively evaluate the capability of the revised rs-MME model data in simulating extreme-precipitation occurrences in the region. Our investigation culminated in predicting the characteristics of precipitation and the potential shifts in extreme-precipitation patterns across the region under three distinct shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5) for three temporal segments: the Near 21C (2021–2040), Mid 21C (2041–2070), and Late 21C (2071–2100). Our findings reveal that the revised rs-MME model data effectively resolve the issues of the overestimation and underestimation of precipitation data present in the previous model. This leads to an enhanced simulation of mean annual precipitation, the 95th percentile of precipitation, and the extreme-precipitation index for the historical period. However, there are shortcomings in the simulation of linear trends in mean annual precipitation, alongside a significant overestimation of the CWD and CDD indices. Furthermore, our analysis forecasts a noteworthy increase in future mean annual precipitation within the Yangtze River Basin region, with a proportional rise in forced radiation across varying scenarios. Notably, an ascending trend of precipitation is detected at the headwaters of the Yangtze River Basin, specifically under the Late 21C SSP5-8.5 scenario, while a descending trend is observed in other scenarios. Conversely, there is an escalating pattern of precipitation within the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin, with most higher-rate changes situated in the middle reaches. Regarding extreme-precipitation indices, similar to the annual average precipitation, a remarkable upsurge is evident in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin, whereas a relatively modest increasing trend prevails at the headwaters of the Yangtze River Basin. Notably, the SSP5-8.5 scenario portrays a substantial increase in extreme-precipitation indices.

Evaluation of Extreme Climate Indices over the Three Northeastern Provinces of China Based on CMIP6 Models Outputs

“…Here, we focus on the 12 extreme climate indices defined by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indicators (Table 2) [30]. These indices represent the frequency, intensity, or duration of extreme climate events over a specific time period and are widely used in extreme climate study [7,[31][32][33]. We used the mean bias (MB) and mean relative bias (MRB) to evaluate the performance of the GCMs in simulating extreme temperature and extreme precipitation, respectively.…”