Prokaryotic Symbionts of Amoebae and Flagellates

Jeon, Kwang W.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2191-1_51

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 65 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In other models where protozoa and prokaryotes co-exist in symbiosis, usually dozens to hundreds of symbionts are present in the host cytoplasm, as observed in the free-living protozoa Amoeba proteus ( Jeon, 2006 ). In such models, somehow symbionts are protected from digestion and contribute to the host metabolism ( Ahn and Jeon, 1979 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endosymbiosis in trypanosomatid protozoa: the bacterium division is controlled during the host cell cycle

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mutualism is defined as a beneficial relationship for the associated partners and usually assumes that the symbiont number is controlled. Some trypanosomatid protozoa co-evolve with a bacterial symbiont that divides in coordination with the host in a way that results in its equal distribution between daughter cells. The mechanism that controls this synchrony is largely unknown, and its comprehension might provide clues to understand how eukaryotic cells evolved when acquiring symbionts that later became organelles. Here, we approached this question by studying the effects of inhibitors that affect the host exclusively in two symbiont-bearing trypanosomatids, Strigomonas culicis and Angomonas deanei. We found that inhibiting host protein synthesis using cycloheximide or host DNA replication using aphidicolin did not affect the duplication of bacterial DNA. Although the bacteria had autonomy to duplicate their DNA when host protein synthesis was blocked by cycloheximide, they could not complete cytokinesis. Aphidicolin promoted the inhibition of the trypanosomatid cell cycle in the G1/S phase, leading to symbiont filamentation in S. culicis but not in A. deanei. Treatment with camptothecin blocked the host protozoa cell cycle in the G2 phase and induced the formation of filamentous symbionts in both species. Oryzalin, which affects host microtubule polymerization, blocked trypanosomatid mitosis and abrogated symbiont division. Our results indicate that host factors produced during the cell division cycle are essential for symbiont segregation and may control the bacterial cell number.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endosymbiosis in trypanosomatid protozoa: the bacterium division is controlled during the host cell cycle

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Obligate intracellular symbioses of bacteria in Invertebrata are numerous (3,4,7,8,9,10,13,21,23) and constitute one of the fastest-growing fields in microbiology. This paper sheds more light on an endocytobiosis of a special kind of Verrucomicrobia in nematodes, "Candidatus Xiphinematobacter spp."…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the Verrucomicrobia -Specific Probe EUB338-III and Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization for Detection of “ Candidatus Xiphinematobacter” Cells in Nematode Hosts

Vandekerckhove

Coomans

Cornelis

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fluorescent in situ hybridization with a 16S rRNA probe specific for Verrucomicrobia was used to (i) confirm the division-level identity of and (ii) study the behavior of the obligate intracellular verrucomicrobium "Candidatus Xiphinematobacter" in its nematode hosts. Endosymbionts in the egg move to the pole where the gut primordium arises; hence, they populate the intestinal epithelia of juvenile worms. During the host's molt to adult female, the endosymbionts concentrate around the developing ovaries to occupy the ovarian wall. Some bacteria are enclosed in the ripening oocytes for vertical transmission. Verrucomicrobia in males stay outside the testes because the tiny spermatozoids are not suitable for transmission of cytoplasmic bacteria.

show abstract

“…Obligate endosymbionts are commonly observed in protozoans (15,30). For Acanthamoeba, approximately one of four isolates from both environmental and medical samples contains bacterial endosymbionts (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since these phenotypic and behavioral features did not match those of any bacteria hitherto described as endosymbionts of protozoans (15,30), the phylogenetic affiliation of the endoparasitic strains remained uncertain. We had utmost interest in the identification and classification of the strains, especially since they had been isolated from humans.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Obligate intracellular bacterial parasites of acanthamoebae related to Chlamydia spp

Amann

Springer

Schönhuber

et al. 1997

Appl Environ Microbiol

238

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The phylogeny of obligate intracellular coccoid parasites of acanthamoebae isolated from the nasal mucosa of humans was analyzed by the rRNA approach. The primary structures of the 16S and 23S rRNA molecules of one strain were determined in almost full length. In situ hybridization with a horseradish peroxidase-labeled oligonucleotide probe targeted to a unique signature site undoubtedly correlated the retrieved 16S rRNA sequence to the respective intracellular parasite. This probe also hybridized with the second strain, suggesting a close relationship between the two intracellular parasites. Comparative sequence analysis demonstrated a distinct relationship to the genus Chlamydia. With 16S rRNA similarities of 86 to 87% to the hitherto-sequenced Chlamydia species, the intracellular parasites are likely not new species of this genus but representatives of another genus in the family of the Chlamydiaceae. Consequently, it is proposed to provisionally classify the endoparasite of Acanthamoeba sp. strain Bn 9 as "Candidatus Parachlamydia acanthamoebae." From an epidemiological perspective, the results suggest that small amoebae could be environmental reservoirs and vectors for a variety of potentially pathogenic bacteria including members of the Chlamydiaceae.

show abstract

Prokaryotic Symbionts of Amoebae and Flagellates

Cited by 9 publications

References 65 publications

Endosymbiosis in trypanosomatid protozoa: the bacterium division is controlled during the host cell cycle

Endosymbiosis in trypanosomatid protozoa: the bacterium division is controlled during the host cell cycle

Use of the Verrucomicrobia -Specific Probe EUB338-III and Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization for Detection of “ Candidatus Xiphinematobacter” Cells in Nematode Hosts

Obligate intracellular bacterial parasites of acanthamoebae related to Chlamydia spp

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About