Prokaryotic toxin-antitoxin systems--the role in bacterial physiology and application in molecular biology.

Bukowski, Michal; Rojowska, Anna; Władyka, Benedykt

doi:10.18388/abp.2011_2278

Cited by 49 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…A putative toxin-antitoxin cassette was found. These cassettes can play a role in the stabilization of foreign DNA, such as plasmids [40]. They have also been shown to contribute to stress resistance and the persister phenotype [41].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic sequence analysis and characterization of Sneathia amnii sp. nov

Harwich

Serrano²,

Fettweis³

et al. 2012

BMC Genomics

116

100

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BackgroundBacteria of the genus Sneathia are emerging as potential pathogens of the female reproductive tract. Species of Sneathia, which were formerly grouped with Leptotrichia, can be part of the normal microbiota of the genitourinary tracts of men and women, but they are also associated with a variety of clinical conditions including bacterial vaginosis, preeclampsia, preterm labor, spontaneous abortion, post-partum bacteremia and other invasive infections. Sneathia species also exhibit a significant correlation with sexually transmitted diseases and cervical cancer. Because Sneathia species are fastidious and rarely cultured successfully in vitro; and the genomes of members of the genus had until now not been characterized, very little is known about the physiology or the virulence of these organisms.ResultsHere, we describe a novel species, Sneathia amnii sp. nov, which closely resembles bacteria previously designated "Leptotrichia amnionii". As part of the Vaginal Human Microbiome Project at VCU, a vaginal isolate of S. amnii sp. nov. was identified, successfully cultured and bacteriologically cloned. The biochemical characteristics and virulence properties of the organism were examined in vitro, and the genome of the organism was sequenced, annotated and analyzed. The analysis revealed a reduced circular genome of ~1.34 Mbp, containing ~1,282 protein-coding genes. Metabolic reconstruction of the bacterium reflected its biochemical phenotype, and several genes potentially associated with pathogenicity were identified.ConclusionsBacteria with complex growth requirements frequently remain poorly characterized and, as a consequence, their roles in health and disease are unclear. Elucidation of the physiology and identification of genes putatively involved in the metabolism and virulence of S. amnii may lead to a better understanding of the role of this potential pathogen in bacterial vaginosis, preterm birth, and other issues associated with vaginal and reproductive health.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic sequence analysis and characterization of Sneathia amnii sp. nov

Harwich

Serrano²,

Fettweis³

et al. 2012

BMC Genomics

116

100

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“…There are many excellent reviews covering the physiological functions of TA systems [7,8,27-30], their role in stress response [31,32], their mechanism of action [33], their structures [34,35], their involvement in multicellular bacterial behavior [36], their induction by antibiotics [37], their applications in biotechnology [38,39], or some combination thereof [40-43]; these aspects of TA systems will not be discussed here. This review will focus on recent experiments aimed at exploitation of TA systems as an antibacterial strategy and challenges therein.…”

Section: Toxin-antitoxin Systems and The Induction Of Bacterial Cell mentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial activation of toxin–antitoxin systems as an antibacterial strategy

Williams

Hergenrother

2012

Trends in Microbiology

109

102

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Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are unique modules that effect plasmid stabilization via post-segregational killing of the bacterial host. The genes encoding TA systems also exist on bacterial chromosomes, where they are speculated to be involved in a variety of cellular processes. Interest in TA systems has increased dramatically over the past five years as the ubiquitous nature of TA genes on bacterial genomes has been revealed. The exploitation of TA systems as an antibacterial strategy via artificial activation of the toxin has been proposed and has considerable potential; however, efforts in this area remain in the early stages, and several major questions remain. This review will investigate the tractability of targeting TA systems to kill bacteria, including fundamental requirements for success, recent advances, and challenges associated with artificial toxin activation.

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“…Herein, we report a novel screening method for protein‐splicing activity in cis and in trans , in which productive protein splicing is selected by cell growth. In this system, we exploit the CcdA/CcdB type II toxin/antitoxin system from Escherichia coli , which has been used for the selection of positive clones during gene cloning (Figure A) . The toxic effect of CcdB, a potent poison of the A subunit of topoisomerase II gyrase A, can be neutralized by complexation with the antitoxin CcdA; this rejuvenates CcdB‐gyrase A complexes through allosteric regulation .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Off‐Pathway‐Sensitive Protein‐Splicing Screening Based on a Toxin/Antitoxin System

Beyer

Iwaï

2019

ChemBioChem

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Protein‐splicing domains are frequently used engineering tools that find application in the in vivo and in vitro ligation of protein domains. Directed evolution is among the most promising technologies used to advance this technology. However, the available screening systems for protein‐splicing activity are associated with bottlenecks such as the selection of pseudo‐positive clones arising from off‐pathway reaction products or fragment complementation. Herein, we report a stringent screening method for protein‐splicing activity in cis and trans, that exclusively selects productively splicing domains. By fusing splicing domains to an intrinsically disordered region of the antidote from the Escherichia coli CcdA/CcdB type II toxin/antitoxin system, we linked protein splicing to cell survival. The screen allows selecting novel cis‐ and trans‐splicing inteins catalyzing productive highly efficient protein splicing, for example, from directed‐evolution approaches or the natural intein sequence space.

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Prokaryotic toxin-antitoxin systems--the role in bacterial physiology and application in molecular biology.

Cited by 49 publications

References 150 publications

Genomic sequence analysis and characterization of Sneathia amnii sp. nov

Genomic sequence analysis and characterization of Sneathia amnii sp. nov

Artificial activation of toxin–antitoxin systems as an antibacterial strategy

Off‐Pathway‐Sensitive Protein‐Splicing Screening Based on a Toxin/Antitoxin System

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