Proliferating Lymphatic Endothelial Cells as a Prognostic Marker in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Podoplanin and Ki-67 are two important markers of cancer progression. The aim of this study is to evaluate double immunostaining for Ki-67 and podoplanin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and to observe the involvement of lymphagiogenesis in tumoral and peritumoral areas, as well as the density of tumor proliferation correlated with histopathological grading. A total of 50 patients with HNSCC were included in this study. We carried out a morphological evaluation of tissue samples, after that, cases were selected for double Ki-67 and podoplanin immunostaining. Podoplanin expression was significantly correlated with histopathological grade (p < 0.05; p = 0.037) and expression of Ki-67 (p < 0.05; p = 0.050). A high expression of podoplanin, as well as of the proliferation factor Ki-67, was observed in histopathological grade G3 and the correlation between these (p < 0.05; p = 0.028), and implication of LMVD and LVI was not significant (LMVD p = 0.577; LVI p = 0.976). This study demonstrated the importance of double immunolabeling in assessing lymphagiogenesis and tumor proliferation in correlation with histopathological grades in HNSCC.

The Controversy of Using Insufficient Great Saphenous Veins in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Comparative Morphological Analysis of Healthy and Insufficient Veins Related to the Possibility of Using Them as a Graft

“…By utilizing specific antibodies to target proteins of interest, IHC enables the visualization and localization of key molecular markers within vein tissues [ 27 , 28 ]. Commonly employed markers include those indicative of endothelial cells, smooth muscle components, inflammatory cells, and extracellular matrix proteins [ 29 ]. This technique aids in understanding the intricate interplay of cellular and molecular factors contributing to vascular health or disease.…”

Homotypic Entosis as a Potential Novel Diagnostic Marker in Breast Cancer

“…Additionally, entotic figures have to be distinguished from cells within vessels, which are surrounded by the endothelium. This can be achieved by immunohistochemical staining for blood vessel markers (CD31, SMA) [ 26 , 27 ] and lymphatic endothelial markers (podoplanin) [ 28 ] ( Figure 8 ).…”

Cryosurgery Harvested Veins as Potential Grafts: An Immunohistochemical Analysis of Venous Samples

“…The proliferation rate of endothelial cells in the tumor area has been investigated by few authors, possibly due to the absence of a standardized methodology. Double immunostaining for the endothelial marker-Ki67 was especially practiced in tumors, and cells with double cytoplasmic and nuclear signal were considered proliferative endothelial [14,15]. There are no known data on the proliferation rate of the endothelium of varicose veins, an aspect that we analyze in addition to the study of the endothelial reaction for CD34.…”