Proline can be utilized as an energy substrate during flight of Aedes aegypti females

Scaraffia, Patricia Y.; Wells, Michael A.

doi:10.1016/s0022-1910(03)00031-3

Cited by 113 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The mechanism for mobilizing lipids is not known at this time, and it is unlikely that Anoga-HrTH plays a role, because it clearly had no hyperlipaemic effect even in carbohydrate starved, blood-fed, females, which have high lipid and low carbohydrate reserves in comparison to sugar-fed females (Kaufmann and Briegel, 2004). It is also possible that A. gambiae females may use proline as a flight metabolite, as reported for A. aegypti (Scaraffia and Wells, 2003). If this is the case also in A. gambiae, then Anoga-HrTH may be involved in the regulation in proline re-synthesis as well, this is reminiscent to the situation in two beetle species (Gäde and Auerswald, 2002).…”

Section: Dipteran Akhs and Functionsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and flight performance by a hypertrehalosaemic hormone in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae

Kaufmann

Brown

2008

Journal of Insect Physiology

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The role of adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and flight performance was evaluated for females of the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Injection of various dosages of synthetic Anoga-AKH-I increased carbohydrate levels in the haemolymph and reduced glycogen reserves in sugar-fed females but did not affect lipid levels. Anoga-AKH-I enhanced the flight performance of both intact and decapitated sugar-fed females, during a 4 hour flight period. Anoga-AKH-II had no effect on carbohydrate or lipid levels or flight performance, thus its function remains unknown. Targeted RNA-interference lowered Anoga-AKH receptor expression in sugar-fed females, consequently injections of Anoga-AKH-I failed to mobilize glycogen reserves. Taken together, these results show that a primary role for the neurohormone, Anoga-AKH-I, is to elevate trehalose levels in the haemolymph of female mosquitoes.

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Section: Dipteran Akhs and Functionsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and flight performance by a hypertrehalosaemic hormone in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae

Kaufmann

Brown

2008

Journal of Insect Physiology

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“…In the posterior midgut NH 4 + is fixed and assimilated into glutamine and alanine by glutamine synthase and alanine aminotransferase while in the fat body NH 4 + is fixed and assimilated into glutamine and proline by glutamine synthase and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (Isoe & Scaraffia, 2013). Proline and glutamine are known to be the most abundant amino acids in the mosquito hemolymph and during this time of high abundance proline can be utilized as an energy substrate for flight (Scaraffia & Wells, 2003;Scaraffia et al, 2005).…”

Section: Nh 4 +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of H+, Na+ and K+ across the posterior midgut of blood-fed mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti)

Pacey

O’Donnell

2014

Journal of Insect Physiology

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Mosquitoes pose significant threats to human health because they act as vectors for disease causing viruses and protozoans. Indeed, Aedes aegypti is known as the Yellow Fever Mosquito because of its role as a vector for viral infections that kill thousands of people each year. A more thorough understanding of mosquito physiology will aid development of novel control strategies. Previous work on ion transport across the midgut has been focused primarily on larval A. aegypti, while research on the midgut of the adult stage is less complete. The posterior midgut of the adult female is of particular interest because it is used for the storage and digestion of the blood meal which is required for the production of eggs. This study used an array of electrophysiological methodologies such as the Scanning Ion Electrode Technique (SIET) in order to elucidate the patterns and mechanisms of Na + , H + and K + transport across the posterior midgut at intervals during postprandial diuresis and digestion of the blood meal. Measurements of transepithelial potential indicated that the lumen was at its most negative (-13.2 mV) three hours after the blood meal and then gradually became less negative during the time course of digestion. Na + was absorbed (from lumen to bath) at all intervals after the blood meal (6 min, 30 min, 2h, 24 h); calculations of the electrochemical potential indicated that absorption required active transport. H + absorption at all times (6 min -48 h) after the blood meal was also active (i.e. against the electrochemical gradient for H + ) and was greatly reduced by inhibition of carbonic anhydrase. K + transport across the midgut exhibited two distinct phases. During diuresis, luminal concentrations of K + were in the range 24 -28 mM and secretion into the midgut was opposed by the electrochemical iv gradient, indicating active transport. After diuresis, during blood meal digestion, concentrations of K + in the midgut contents were high (95 -134 mM) and absorption of K + was favoured by the electrochemical gradient. K + absorption was sensitive to the channel blocker Ba 2+ during this period.v Acknowledgements

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“…The capacity of insect flight muscles to use proline has been initially described in the blood-feeding tsetse fly [5,6,29], and more recently in mosquitoes [30][31][32], but it is not phylogenetically constrained to dipterans. Other groups of insects such as beetles display the ability to oxidize proline in combination with carbohydrates [33][34][35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proline as a fuel for insect flight: enhancing carbohydrate oxidation in hymenopterans

et al. 2016

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Bees are thought to be strict users of carbohydrates as metabolic fuel for flight. Many insects, however, have the ability to oxidize the amino acid proline at a high rate, which is a unique feature of this group of animals. The presence of proline in the haemolymph of bees and in the nectar of plants led to the hypothesis that plants may produce proline as a metabolic reward for pollinators. We investigated flight muscle metabolism of hymenopteran species using high-resolution respirometry performed on permeabilized muscle fibres. The muscle fibres of the honeybee, Apis mellifera, do not have a detectable capacity to oxidize proline, as those from the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, used here as an outgroup representative. The closely related bumblebee, Bombus impatiens, can oxidize proline alone and more than doubles its respiratory capacity when proline is combined with carbohydrate-derived substrates. A distant wasp species, Vespula vulgaris, exhibits the same metabolic phenotype as the bumblebee, suggesting that proline oxidation is common in hymenopterans. Using a combination of mitochondrial substrates and inhibitors, we further show that in B. impatiens, proline oxidation provides reducing equivalents and electrons directly to the electron transport system. Together, these findings demonstrate that some bee and wasp species can greatly enhance the oxidation of carbohydrates using proline as fuel for flight.

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Proline can be utilized as an energy substrate during flight of Aedes aegypti females

Cited by 113 publications

References 34 publications

Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and flight performance by a hypertrehalosaemic hormone in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae

Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and flight performance by a hypertrehalosaemic hormone in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae

Transport of H+, Na+ and K+ across the posterior midgut of blood-fed mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti)

Proline as a fuel for insect flight: enhancing carbohydrate oxidation in hymenopterans

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