Prolongamentos na fala de adultos com e sem gagueira

Abstract

Purpose: to carry out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the prolongations of adults who stutter and who not stutter. Methods: participants were divided into two groups: Research Group (RG, 15 adults who stutter) and Control Group (GC, 15 fluent adults). Procedures were: fluency assessment, Stuttering Severity Instrument and quantitative and qualitative analyzes of the prolongations.Results: there was a greater number of non hesitative prolongations in RG, whereas CG showed more hesitative prolongations in relation to the total of disfluencies. Non hesitative prolongations occurred more frequently in the initial and monosyllabic words, and in the medial position of the sentence in RG.Regarding the muscular tension and duration, a difference was observed for the muscular tension in the non hesitative prolongations, with higher mean value for RG. Conclusion: non hesitative prolongations occurred more frequently in RG, in initial words, monosyllables, and medial position of the sentence. Qualitatively, the muscular tension was a typical characteristic of non hesitative prolongations in RG. No differences were found for hesitative prolongations between the groups in relation to the frequency of the total of speech, the position of prolongations in the words and in the sentences, and for the qualitative characteristics, regarding to muscular tension and duration. Keywords: Speech Language and Hearing Sciences; Speech; Stuttering; Speech Disorders; Evaluation; Adult RESUMO Objetivo: realizar uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa dos prolongamentos de adultos com e sem gagueira. Métodos: os participantes foram divididos em: Grupo de Pesquisa (GP, 15 adultos com gagueira) e Grupo Controle (GC, 15 fluentes). Os procedimentos utilizados foram: avaliação da fluência, Instrumento de Gravidade da Gagueira e análises quantitativa e qualitativa dos prolongamentos. Resultados: GP mostrou maior número de prolongamentos não hesitativos, enquanto que GC mostrou maior ocorrência de prolongamentos hesitativos em relação ao total das disfluências. Prolongamentos não hesitativos ocorreram com maior frequência na palavra inicial e monossilábica, bem como na posição medial da frase para GP. Em relação à tensão muscular e duração, observou-se diferença apenas para a tensão muscular nos prolongamentos não hesitativos com maior média de ocorrência para GP. Conclusão: os prolongamentos não hesitativos ocorreram com maior frequência no GP, nas palavras iniciais, monossílabos e na posição medial da frase. Qualitativamente a tensão muscular foi uma característica típica dos prolongamentos não hesitativos no GP. Com relação aos prolongamentos hesitativos houve semelhança entre os adultos dos dois grupos quanto à frequência em relação ao total da fala, a posição dos prolongamentos nas palavras e nas frases e nos aspectos qualitativos, relacionados a tensão muscular e duração.

Word final prolongations: acoustic characteristics and influence on speech fluency perception

“…The occurrence of word final prolongations in the speech of both individuals with and without stuttering corroborates with previous research, especially regarding studies with different language variants of Brazilian Portuguese (Pinto et al 2013;Costa et al 2017;Natke et al 2006;Campbell, & Hill, 1998;Souza et al 2013;Tumanova et al 2011;Andrade, 2004) and fluent trait (Silva et al 2016;Nogueira et al 2015;Celeste, & Reis, 2013;Roberts et al 2009;Oliveira, Bernardes, Broglio, & Capellini, 2010). analysed the influence of word size and break point of the syllables in the speech of adolescents and adults for both groups (stutterers and non-stutterers).…”

“…In the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the speech prolongation of subjects with and without fluency disorder (Silva et al 2016), individuals with disorders had a higher occurrence of nonhesitant prolongations at the beginning of words and isolated words, modifying the lexical unit, corroborating the study by Juste and Andrade (2010). In fluent individuals, there was a higher frequency of hesitant prolongations at the beginning and end of the word, which may be associated with a hesitative mark.…”

“…Studies have shown that in the speech of individuals with fluency disorders (such as stuttering and Tourrete Syndrome), the prolongations are more frequent within the word (Silva et al 2016;Nogueira et al 2015;Van Borsel, Goethals, & Vanryckegham, 2004), thus highlighting the existence of a rupture (break) of the lexical unit (Silva et al 2016;, which is a characteristic of non-hesitant prolongations. As the aim of the present study was to characterize prolongations at the end of words, the prolongations that appear to be typical of stuttering (within words) were not accounted for.…”

“…In the literature related to linguistics, the prolongation is called elongation or filled pauses (Betz & Kosmala, 2019;Gold, Ross, & Earnshaw, 2018;Defracq & Plevoets, 2018 ) and it is defined as a conversational marker (Betz & Kosmala, 2019;Bellinghausen, Fangmeier, Schröder, & Keller, 2019) until the utterance is complete (Betz & Kosmala 2019;Gósy, 2019), showing the end-of-shift indication, attention and confirmation of the listener (Gósy, 2019), related or not to difficulties that the speaker has in planning and formulating what is said. Some studies point to the presence of prolongation in the speech of the fluent individuals, regardless of age (Pinto, et al 2013;Rose & Watanabe, 2019;Andrade, & Martins, 2007;Götz, 2019;Andrade & Martins-Reis, 2011;Castro, Martins-Reis, Baptista, & Celeste, 2014;Silva, Fabron, Picoloto, & Oliveira, 2016;Nogueira, Oliveira, Giacheti, & Moretti-Ferreira, 2015;Natke, Sandrieser, Pietrosky, & Kalveram, 2006), reinforcing the prolongation being directed as a discursive marker (Betz & Kosmala, 2019;Bellinghausen et al, 2019;Gósy, 2019) that can be used as a strategic tool of the interlocutor in communication (Celeste & Reis, 2013). Despite these previous findings, prolongation is considered as a typical stuttering disorder in the speechlanguage literature (Costa et al 2017;Natke et al 2006;Campbell & Hill, 1998;Souza, Paschoalino, Cardoso & Oliveira, 2013;Tumanova, Zebrowsi, Throneburg & Kayikci, 2011).…”