Prolongation in spontaneous Mandarin

Lee, Tzu-Lun; He, Ya-Fang; Huang, Yun-Ju; Tseng, Shu-Chuan; Eklund, Robert

doi:10.21437/interspeech.2004-239

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This does not necessarily counter the idea that speakers generally produce prolongations before or on items with high cognitive load, e.g., either the preposition or article before a semantically heavy item [7], since verbs and nouns may as well precede semantically relevant elements such as a specific verb argument, or a noun's adjective (in Italian, qualifying adjectives mostly follow the noun they describe). Within word segments, prolongations most likely occur on word-final segments, i.e., 3-1-96%, resembling the distribution observed in Hebrew [13], Mandarin Chinese [9] and Japanese [8] and quite differently from those in Tok Pisin, German and from the somewhat more even distributions that characterize some Germanic languages, American English and Swedish [6], and Hungarian [10], see Table 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…This study follows the framework set by the strand of corpus studies aimed at investigating and unveiling the role of prolongations as linguistic elements by comparing their use in different languages, ranging from Germanic languages (Swedish, American English [6], German [12]) to Tok Pisin [7], Chinese Mandarin [9], Hungarian [10] and Hebrew [13] and provides evidence from a Romance language, namely Italian.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, Eklund suggested the "morphology matters" hypothesis which posited PR distribution as a function of morphological complexity of the language in question, with Swedish and English being of similar complexity and Tok Pisin being much less complex. This hypothesis was given support in ensuing work on Japanese, 10-5-85% [8], and Mandarin, 4-5-85% [9], also two languages with a less complex morphology than Swedish and English. However, ensuing investigations made this picture more complicated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Prolongation in Italian

Schettino,

Eklund

2023

Disfluency in Spontaneous Speech (DiSS) Workshop 2023

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This study follows the framework set by the strand of corpus studies aimed at investigating and unveiling the role of prolongations as linguistic elements by comparing their use in different languages, ranging from Germanic languages (Swedish, American English, German) to Tok Pisin, Chinese Mandarin, Hungarian and Hebrew, and provides evidence on the use of prolongation in a Romance language, namely Italian. The analysis is conducted on different speech styles, i.e., descriptive informal dialogic speech as well as informative monologic speech, and concerns the distributional characterisations of prolongation phenomena, their segmental and durational traits also considering the comparison with another type of voiced speech management phenomena, that is non-verbal vocalisations. The main results show that in the considered Italian data speakers use prolongations more frequently than non-verbal vocalisations and the latter are generally longer, which argues for the fact that these two voiced phenomena are differently involved in speech management. Then, the distributional and segmental features of prolongations in Italian as compared to other languages support the idea that prolongations, as linguistic elements, are subjected, to a certain extent, to the phonotactic constraints of languages. 1

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Prolongation in Italian

Schettino,

Eklund

2023

Disfluency in Spontaneous Speech (DiSS) Workshop 2023

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“…Specifically, a filled pause is a semantically empty element of speech that delays the transfer of the speaker's message and is usually expressed in the form of "em", "uh", etc [7]. Prolongations are mainly used to indicate hesitation and to emphasize the discourse focus [10]. Since they both come after a character, we express them with an explicit label at the character level.…”

Section: Spontaneous Behavior Modeling and Predictingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, existing TTS systems are unable to provide sufficient performance and an immersive experience for spontaneous-style speech which typically occurs in conversations. Conversations often contain subtle spontaneous behaviors such as filled pause, prolongation, repair, repetition, laughing, coughing, etc., that make speech sound more genuine [7][8][9][10]. Hence, the modeling of spontaneous behaviors play a crucial role in spontaneous speech synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecological method for constructing the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Western Corridor Bridge

Li¹,

Dou²,

Du³

et al. 2013

JOURNAL OF SHENZHEN UNIVERSITY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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3D convolution is powerful for video classification but often computationally expensive, recent studies mainly focus on decomposing it on spatial-temporal and/or channel dimensions. Unfortunately, most approaches fail to achieve a preferable balance between convolutional efficiency and feature-interaction sufficiency. For this reason, we propose a concise and novel Channel Tensorization Network (CT-Net), by treating the channel dimension of input feature as a multiplication of K sub-dimensions. On one hand, it naturally factorizes convolution in a multiple dimension way, leading to a light computation burden. On the other hand, it can effectively enhance feature interaction from different channels, and progressively enlarge the 3D receptive field of such interaction to boost classification accuracy. Furthermore, we equip our CT-Module with a Tensor Excitation (TE) mechanism. It can learn to exploit spatial, temporal and channel attention in a high-dimensional manner, to improve the cooperative power of all the feature dimensions in our CT-Module. Finally, we flexibly adapt ResNet as our CT-Net. Extensive experiments are conducted on several challenging video benchmarks, e.g., Kinetics-400, Something-Something V1 and V2. Our CT-Net outperforms a number of recent SOTA approaches, in terms of accuracy and/or efficiency. The codes and models will be available on https://github.com/Andy1621/CT-Net.

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Linguistic Markings of Units in Spontaneous Mandarin

Tseng

2006

Chinese Spoken Language Processing

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Abstract. Spontaneous speech is produced and probably also perceived in some kinds of units. This paper applies the perceptually defined intonation units to segment spontaneous Mandarin data. The main aim is to examine spontaneous data to see if linguistic cues which mark the unit boundaries exist. If the production of spontaneous speech is a kind of concatenation of these "chunks", we can deepen our understanding of human language processing and the related knowledge about the boundary markings can be applied to improve language models used for automatic speech recognizers. Our results clearly show that discourse items and repair resumptions, which are typical phenomena in spontaneous speech, are mostly located at the boundary of intonation unit. Moreover, temporal marking of items at unit boundary is empirically identified through a series of analyses making use of segmentation of intonation units and measurements of syllable durations.

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Prolongation in spontaneous Mandarin

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Prolongation in Italian

Prolongation in Italian

The ecological method for constructing the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Western Corridor Bridge

Linguistic Markings of Units in Spontaneous Mandarin

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